Orchis mascula was used traditionally as astringent, demulcent, expectorant, nutritive, restorative, invigorator and sexual tonic. In addition to its aphrodisiac effect, it was also used in the treatment of male sexual disorders like erectile dysfunction and impotence, and also as a nervine tonic that to treat stress and mental disorders. Orchis mascula contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenes, sterols and flavonoids. The pharmacological studies showed that Orchis mascula possessed cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antiepileptic, DNA protective, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, aphrodisiac, smooth muscle relaxant, and many other effects. The current review was designed to shed some light on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Orchis mascula.

Keywords: constituents, pharmacological effects, Orchis mascula

[1]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lythrum salicaria - A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2019; 9(6): 51-59.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. Medical benefit of Malva neglecta - A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2019; 9(6): 60-67.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. A review on Lagerstroemia indica: A potential medicinal plant. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2019; 9(6): 36-42.

[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lathyrus sativus- A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2019; 9(6): 51-58.
[5]. Al-Snai AE. A review on Lycopus europaeus: A potential medicinal plant. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2019; 9(7): 80-88.

Onopordum acanthium was used traditionally as bactericide, cardiotonic and hemostatic, diuretic, to treat nervousness, as antitumor agents and for the treatment of inflammation of the bladder and the respiratory and urinary systems. It contained saponins, alkaloids, sesquiterpen lactones, flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, nitrogen-containing compounds, phenolic acids, coumarins, inulin, soluble sugars, proteins and oils. The pharmacological studies showed that Onopordum acanthium possessed antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hypotensive, antiepileptic, wound healing, xanthine oxidase and ACE inhibitory effects. The current review highlighted the chemical constituents, therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Onopordum acanthium.

Keywords: constituents, pharmacology, therapeutic effects, Onopordum acanthium

[1]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Lantana camara- A review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019; 12912):10-20.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lepidium sativum- A review. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 2019; 11(6):1-10.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Constituents and pharmacology of Fumaria officinalis- A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2020; 10(1):17-25.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Melilotus Officinalis- A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2020; 10(1):26-36.

To evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant scavenging activity of ethanolic Soxhlet and maceration extracts. In present research, soxhlet extraction and maceration extractions were applied to the seed of Elettaria Cardamomumby using absolute ethanol.Phytochemical analysis for the important chemical constituents from ethanolic extract were carried out.Antimicrobial activity of Elettaria Cardamomumextract was carried out using well diffusion method on the Nutrientagar.Antioxidant activity of Elettaria Cardamomumwas carried out using total phenolic content test and DPPH to identify the percentage of scavenging by the chemical constituents. For phytochemical analysis, only test for alkaloids, test for reducing sugar, test for saponin, test for salkowski'test and test for carbohydrates that showed positive results.For antibacterial screening, all the concentrations.........

Keywords: Soxhlet, maceration, antibacterial, antioxidant, phytochemical.

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Background: Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behaviour, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. (1) By definition, epilepsy requires typically two unprovoked seizures, separated by greater than 24 hours. (2) In the past epilepsy was considered as the sacred disease in support of this view a large number of people believed that epilepsy affected people who to some extent taken hold of by demons or that the visions experienced by the epileptic people were sent by the Gods. Material and Methods: It is a prospective observational study on effectiveness of monotherapy and combinational therapy of Anti-epileptic drugs in different age groups of patients. Patients diagnosed with Epilepsy can be prescribed with single AED and combination of AED mainly on the type of epilepsy were included in our study. Our study includes............

Keywords: Epilepsy, Anti-Epileptic Drug, Monotherapy, Combinational Therapy, Medication Adherence

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The objective of study was to design and optimize a controlled release system of Furosemide. to increase its bioavailability by increasing the residence time in the stomach without contact with the mucosa, and was achieved through the preparation of floating granules by melt granulation techniques. Furosemide; a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema was chosen as the drug candidate to be formulated as gastro retentive multiparticulate system as it is a weakly basic drug with a short half life of 2-3 hrs. Gelucire 43/01 was selected as a lipid carrier in different ratio (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5) along with drug. The formulation F1 to F6 were prepared and evaluated for dependent variable (in vitro floating ability) and formulations F4 to F6 were selected as preliminary optimized formulation............

Keywords: Furosemide, Floating granules, Gelucire, In-vitro release study.

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[2]. Amin A. F., Dave B. S., Patel M. M., (2004). Gastroretentive drug delivery system of ranitidine hydrochloride: formulation and in vitro evaluation. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech, Vol. 26, Issue 7, pp 78- 84.
[3]. Aulton M.E., (2002) "Pharmaceutics: The science of Dosage form design', Edn Second, Churchill Livingstone, London, pp. 113-115.
[4]. Ali J., Arora S., Ahuja A., Babbar A. K., Sharma R. K., Khar R. K., (2007). Formulation and development of hydrodynemically balanced system for metformin: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharmaceutics Biopharm, Vol. 67, pp 196-201.
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Background:Literature review reveals that there is no analytical method reported for the analysis of Avibactam and ceftazidime by simultaneous estimation by RP-HPLC. Titrimetric analysis, HPLC and HPTLC are the reported analytical methods for compounds either individually or in combination with other dosage form.A simple reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of Avibactam andCeftazidime in combined dosage form. Ceftazidime and Avibactam is used to treat such gram – negative infection that are multidrug – resistant. Materials and methods:The separation was carried out using mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogenortho phosphate buffer of pH 3.0 and Methanol in the ratio of 30:70 v/v. The column used is InertsilODS (5 μm, 4.6 X 150 mm) with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using PDA detection at 260 nm. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range...........

Keywords: Avibactam, Ceftazidime, RP-HPLC, Methanol

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