Beta-lactam antibiotics are a group of products that have a chemical structure characterized by a β-lactam ring and are one of the most commonly used wide spectrum antibacterial agents. The mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics is usually by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the bacterial cell wall synthesis. While these antimicrobial agents are generally well tolerated, these drugs are not without their associated side effects (SEs), both dose-dependent and idiosyncratic in nature. All most all classes of Beta lactamantibiotics can cause a variety of adverse effects on the nervous system, including seizures, encephalopathy, optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. Neurotoxicity is although rare but very important side effect because they may lead to a significant morbidity and even mortality. Factors known to increase the risk of neurotoxicity are excessive doses, decreased renal function.........

Keywords: Beta-lactam, Antibiotics, Idiosyncratic, Neurotoxic, Clinical pharmacist.

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Use of contraception lowers a woman's risk of experiencing an ectopic pregnancy. In the case of method failure however, progestin – only contraceptives may be more likely to result in ectopic pregnancies. The widespread use of antiepileptic drugs for various indications exposes many women of child bearing age to potentially clinically significant drug interactions with hormonal contraception. These interactions include reduced effectiveness of either drug and increased side effects and toxicity of the antiepileptic drug. Intervention by the pharmacist can help prevent contraceptive failure and ensure safe and effective use of antiepileptic drugs through education and increased patient and prescriber awarness. Counseling before insertion of subdermal implants is mandatory and careful history taking is essential, caution should be advised for patients on enzyme inducers with the use of all hormonal contraceptives.

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Based on the references and resources available to the researcher, he carried out a systematic review (appraisal) research on the genes and characteristics of the new infectious disease caused by corona virus called COVID-19. Then, he sets the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. After that, he used the available search engines to collect the necessary data for conducing this systematic review research. The search process focused on the possible animals that have strong immunity system, plants, herbs and animals used in the medical field to strengthen the immunity system of the human bodies and cure their lungs and respiratory system diseases. After that, he have conducted a systematic review through reviewing all the previous studies and the related literature to these animals and plants components. Finally, he got out with the proposed treatment and vaccine for the covid-19 virus............

Keywords: Systematic Review, Covid-19 Oleic Acids (COA19) Tablets or Syrup, Oleic Acids ( Omega-9 fatty acids) , Covid 19 Hyena Vaccine (CHV19).

[1]. D.S I.Hui , E. Azhar, T.A. Madani, F.Ntoumi, R .Kock, O. Dar, et al. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel corona viruses to global health - The latest 2019 novel corona virus outbreak in Wuhan, China". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 91: 2020, 26266. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009.

[2]. C .Brook,. et al. Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence. eLife. Published online February 3, 2020. doi:10.7554/eLife.48401.

[3]. G. Burleson, , et al. Soap-Making Process Improvement: Including Social, Cultural and Resource Constraints in the Engineering Design Process. International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship. Vol. 12, No. 2, 2017,pp. 81-102, ISSN 1555-9033

[4]. S .Terés, et al. Oleic acid content is responsible for the reduction in blood pressure induced by olive oil. PNAS ,105 (37),2008, 13811 13816; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807500105.

[5]. A. S. Flies, et al. Development of a hyena immunology toolbox. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012 Jan 15; 145(1): 110–119. Published online 2011 Nov 2. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.016.

The present study encompasses the evaluation of eight fruit spices i.e Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Carum carvi, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum and Trachyspermum ammi of Apiaceae for their anti-hyperglycemic potential and antioxidant activity. Anti-hyperglycemic activity was evaluated through inhibition of alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase while antioxidant activity was inferred through their free radical scavenging activities viz. DPPH, SOA and HRA and were correlated to their phenolic content. Pimpinella anisum and Trachyspermum ammi showed significant efficacy to regulate the post prandial hyperglycemia indicating their futuristic role in the management of diabetes mellitus II.

Keywords: α- amylase, α- glucosidase Apiaceae, Diabetes mellitus, DPPH.

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[2]. Wang J, Guleria S, Koffas M and Yan Y, Microbial production of value-added nutraceutical, Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016, 37: 97-104.
[3]. Jain N and Ramawat K, Nutraceuticals and antioxidants in prevention of diseases. In: Ramawat KG, Mérillon JM (eds), Natural products, Phytochemistry, botany and metabolism of Alkaloids, Phenolics and Terpenes, Springer, 2013, Berlin/Heidelberg
[4]. Siró I, Kápolna E, Kápolna B and Lugasi A, Functional food. Product development, marketing and consumer acceptance – A Review, Appetite 2008, 51: 456-67.
[5]. Huang WY, Cai YZ and Zhang Y., Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: potential use for cancer prevention, Nutr Cancer 2010, 62:1-20.

The worldwide rising incidence of superbugs and the associated risk factorscould be country or area specific. A case control study identifying prescription pattern of antibiotics, was conductedin three major cities Dhaka, Rangpur and Dinajpur for a periodof 6 months.A total number of 600 patient's prescription with age of '0' to over '60' years were collected from the from the different Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities during the study period. A total number of 2494 individual medicineswere prescribed in 600 patient'sprescription. In this study,the majority of the patients were female 321 (53.5%) and male 228 (37.83%) patients and the gender of 52 (8.67%) patients were unidentified in the prescription.The average highest prescribed antibiotic among these three cities were in Rangpur 43.82% and followed by the lowest one was Dhaka city (23%). Most commonly prescribed antibiotic class was cephalosporin of whichcefuroxime (22.10%), cefixime (14.98%), ceftriaxone (6%), and cefradine (2.62%).............

Keywords: Antibiotic Uses, Superbugs,Prescription Survey.

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[4]. Laporte JR, Porta M, Capella D. Drug utilization studies: a tool for determining the effectiveness of drug use. Br J ClinPharmacol 1983; 16 (3):301-4.
[5]. Summoro TS, Gidebo KD, Kanche ZZ, Woticha EW: Evaluation of trends of drug-prescribing patterns based on WHO prescribing indicators at outpatient departments of four hospitals in southern Ethiopia, Dovepress,2015; 9: 4551 - 4557.

The meticulous therapy for Huntington Disease is still beyond the knowledge. Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by choreatic movements, behavioural and psychiatric disturbance. The present case was observed on 34 year old women, from a family in which the three previous generations were affected by the same disease.She showed the symptoms at the age of 26 and was diagnosed by means of signs and family history. All other organs tests were unremarkable. Symptomatic therapy is the only treatment existing at present thus she was discharged with tablet Lonazep (Clonazepam) 0.5mg .Counseling to the family plays a chief role since there is 50-50 chances of getting this disease to the next generations.

Keywords: Huntington disease, choreatic

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This research focuses on reviewing publications on medicinal plants used in the treatment of common diseases such as malaria, cholera, pneumonia, tuberculosis and asthma. Traditional medicine is still recognized as the preferred primary health care system in many rural communities, due to a number of reasons including affordability and effectiveness. The review concentrated on current literature on medicinal plants, highlighting on information about ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. The search for publications on medicinal plants with scientifically proven efficacy was carried out using electronic databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, SciFinder and PubMed. All the plants reviewed exhibited potent activity confirming their various traditional uses and their ability to treat prevalent diseases.

Keywords: medicinal plants, malaria, diarrhea, tuberculosis, asthma

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[2]. Asase A, Kokubun T, Grayer RJ, Kite G, Simmonds MSJ, Oteng-Yeboah AA, et al. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from Ghana: Cassia sieberiana, Haematostaphis barteri, Mitragyna inermis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi. Phytotherapy Research. 2008;22(8):1013-1016
[3]. Sarkar S, Zaidi S, Chaturvedi AK, Srivastava R, Dwivedi PK, Shukla R. Search for a herbal medicine: Antiasthmatic activity of methanolic extract of Curcuma longa. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2015;3:59-72
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Oils and fats were extracted from different plants by using many methods of extraction. They were used as gastroprotective, carminative, antiemetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, insect repellents, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and antimutagenic and many other properties. The current review discussed the amounts and types of fats and oils extracted from different medicinal plants as a promising therabies for many medical complains.

Keywords: fats, essential oils, volatile oils, medicinal plants, pharmacology

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[3]. Reddy DN. Essential oils extracted from medicinal plants and their applications. 2019, DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7154-7_9 [4]. Berti G, Bottari F and Marsili A. Structure and stereochemistry of a triterpenoid epoxide from Adiantum capillus-veneris. Tetrahedron 1969; 25:2939-2947. [5]. Shinozakia J, Shibuyaa M, Masudab K and Ebizukaa Y. Squalene cyclase and oxidosqualene cyclase from a fern. FEBS Letters 2008; 582:310-318.

The use of dietary or medicinal plant based natural compounds to disease treatment has become a unique trend in clinical research. Polyphenolic compounds, were classified as flavones, flavanones, catechins and anthocyanins. They were possessed wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects, such as inhibition of aldose reductase, cycloxygenase, Ca+2 -ATPase, xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase, lipoxygenase in addition to their antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective antimicrobial anti-inflammatory, immunomodullatory, gastroprotective, regulatory role on hormones synthesis and releasing…. etc. The current review was design to discuss the medicinal plants contained phenolics and flavonoids, as natural ingredients for many therapeutic purposes.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, phenolics, flavonoids, pharmacology.

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[2]. Al-Snafi AE, et al. Study the anticancer activity of plant phenolic compounds. Iraqi Journal of Cancer & Medical Genetics 2011; 4(2): 66-71.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Galactagogue action of the crude phenolic extracts of grape seeds (Vitis vinifera). International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research 2015; 6(8): 577-580.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Mammary gland stimulating effects of the crude phenolic extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis). International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research 2015; 6(7): 573-576.
[5]. Al-Snai AE, Al-Kamel ML, Esmail ME. Antifungal effect of Alhagi maurorum phenolic extract. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2019; 9(8): 7-14.

Urtica dioica L. is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Urticaceae that has been used for centuries against a variety of disease. This up to date review highlights the current knowledge and scientific advances concerning Urtica dioica. Stinging nettle is named for the fine silica-rich hairs that cover its stems & leaves; A solid base supports a single elongated cell with a brittle tip. When the tip is broken, the exposed sharp point penetrates the skin and pressure injects toxins i.e mixture of Acetylcholine, Formic acid, Histamine and Serotonin. Its high content of nutriments and bioactive compounds like poly phenols, vitamins and minerals, nettle possesses a great nutritional value and a large number of pharmacological effects, including anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, immunostimulatory, anti-infectious, hypotensive, antiulcer activities and cardiovascular disease prevention[1].Stinging nettle root is used for urination problems i.e., painful urination. The plant is commonly used in herbal medicine and can be cooked and eaten as a nutritious protherb. This nettle plants as very good source of energy and proteins, high fiber, and a range of health benefitting bioactive compounds.

Keywords:Utrica dioica, Sting, Silica-rich hairs, protherb.

[1]. Amal Ait Haj Said, Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani, Sanae Derfoufi, Adnane Benmoussa Highlights on nutritional and Therapeutic value of stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2016; 7(10): 8-14.
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Dementia is a syndrome characterized by progressive decline in cognitive functions. The neuropsychiatric symptoms like: apathy, agitation and depression are included in dementia.The root causes of dementia were: various underlying disorders.Age is the main risk factor for dementia. There are three types of dementia: Cortical, subcortical and mixed dementias.

Keywords: ....

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[4]. Wallace , D.C., 1999. Mitochondrial diseases in man and mouse. Science 283. 1482-1488.
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Cancer is a disease which occurs when cells grow uncontrollably.Viruses, infections exposure to the chemicals and radiations, Unhealthy dietary & hereditary factors, and hormones are alsoamong the causative agents of cancer. Eat to beat cancer! There are various foods and nutrients that can kill cancer.Food plays avital role in preventing some cancers, diet is an important way by which one can use to reduce the risk of cancer. It has been reported through various studies regarding the fact that around 50 percent of all cancers can be prevented through lifestyle and dietary modifications.Obesity, junk foods such as concentrated sugars and refined products that contribute disruption of glucose metabolism which causes diabetes, low fiber intake, and imbalance of omega 3 and omega 6 fats all leads to increase cancer risk. Intake of flax seed, and abundant amount of fruits and vegetables will decrease the cancer risk. Green leafy vegetables are especiallyvery beneficial. selenium, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, and antioxidants they acts as supplements in enhancing the health status of the body consumptions of many digestive enzymes and probiotics can decrease the risk of cancer.

Keywords: lifestyle modifications, supplements, probiotics, omega 3 fatty acids.

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