The use of synthetic sunscreens can cause contact dermatitis, so natural sunscreens are preferred. Kesumbakeling (annatto) contains carotenoids such as norbixin, which has conjugated double bonds that cause photoprotection. This study aims to determine the potential of the carotenoid fraction and norbixin as an active ingredient in sunscreen by measuring the SPF, %TE and %TP values using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. The results showed that the yield of the carotenoid fraction was 3,73 0.33% with 16,66  0.49% of norbixin content and 84,57  0,54% of bixin content. The identification of norbixin produced a bluish-green color and a single spot on TLC with an Rf of 0,82 with a spectral pattern at  457,30; 486,30 and 567,70 nm. The identification of bixin produced a cornflower-blue color and a single spot on TLC with an Rf of 0,37 with a spectral pattern at  352,00; 458,00 dan 486,70 nm.........

KEYWORDS: Bixaorellana, Bixin, Carotenoid fraction, Norbixin, Sunscreen

[1]. Hassan I, Dorjay K, Sami A dan Anwar P., 2013. Sunscreens and Antioxidants as Photo-protective Measures: An update. Our Dermatology Online, 4(3): 369–374. https://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20133.92
[2]. Cefali LC, Ataide JA, Moriel P, Foglio MA dan Mazzola PG., 2016. Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38: 346–353. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12316
[3]. Satyanarayana A, Prabhakara Rao P dan Rao D., 2003. Chemistry, processing and toxicology of annatto (Bixa orellana L.). J Food Sci Technol, 40(2): 131–141.
[4]. Alwis D, Chandrika U dan Jayaweera P., 2021. Photostability of apocarotenoids on surface of TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 407: 113061.https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113061
[5]. Abdassah M, Aryani R, Surachman E dan Muchtaridi M., 2015. In-vitro assessment of effectiveness and photostability avobenzone in cream formulations by combination ethyl ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol acetate. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(6): 070–074.https://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.50611

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex. It is extremely useful in the treatment of skin disorders. They have an important role because of their anti-inflammatory, immune-suppressive and anti-proliferative effect on keratinocytes. AIM: To study the utilization pattern of corticosteroids for various dermatological condition at a tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODOLOGY: A hospital based prospective observational study for 6 months on Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Chidambaram by enrolling outpatient and inpatient considering study criteria. Prescription with atleast one steroid were collected and analysed for utilization pattern of corticosteroids. RESULTS: Out of 75 patients studied, females (76%) were highly prescribed with corticosteroids than males (24%). Age group of 51-60 (25.3%) were highly prescribed with corticosteroids......

Keywords: Corticosteroids, Utilization Pattern, Prednisolone, Adverse Drug Reaction.

[1]. NationalLibraryOfMedicine,HistoryoftheDevelopmentofCorticosteroidTherapyTGBenedek , ClinExpRheumatol . sep – oct 2011. [Accessed sep-oct 2011:29(5 suppl 68):S-5-12.Epub2011oct21]
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[3]. IndianJournalOfDermatology,Use ofTopicalCorticosteroidsinDermatology: AnEvidence–based approach, Anupam Das and Saumya Panda 2017 may-jun ;62(3):237-250. doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD-169-17.Availableat:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmcAdrenalGlands,JohnsHopkinsMedicine, Availableat:https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org
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[5]. .RheumaticdiseaseclinicsofNorthAmerica, Corticosteroids–MechanismofActioninHealth and Disease , SivapriyaRamamoorthy and John A.Cidlowski ,2016 feb;42(1):132.doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.002.

Background: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remain at risk of subsequent major adverse cardiovascular and bleeding events. This study reviewed the available evidence on the safety of bridging anticoagulation therapy administered periprocedure CABG and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and bleeding events. We systematically searched Ovid/MEDLINE, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases from inception until 8th April 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) of participants (aged >18 years) undergoing CABG surgery and receiving perioperative - bridging anticoagulation therapy were included. Two investigators conducted title and abstract screening while another two investigators screened full text articles according to pre-specified inclusion criteria. The primary endpoint was a MACE, which consists of a composite of all-cause mortality......

Keywords: CABG, anticoagulant, major adverse cardiovascular event.

[1]. Celermajer DS, Chow CK, Marijon E, Anstey NM, Woo KS. Cardiovascular Disease in the Developing World: Prevalences, Patterns, and the Potential of Early Disease Detection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: 1207-16.
[2]. Doenst T, Haverich A, Serruys P, Bonow RO, Kappetein P, Falk V, Velazquez E, Diegeler A, Sigusch H. PCI and CABG for Treating Stable Coronary Artery Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73: 964-76.
[3]. Sousa-Uva M, Neumann F-J, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP, Benedetto U, Byrne RA, Collet J-P, Falk V, Head SJ, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Koller A, Kristensen SD, Niebauer J, Richter DJ, Seferović PM, Sibbing D, Stefanini GG, Windecker S, Yadav R, Zembala MO, Group ESCSD. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 55: 4-90.
[4]. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Juni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Levine GN. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2018; 39: 213-60.

A drug interaction is a pharmacological or clinical response to the administration of two or more drugs that differs from the response. One of the risk factors for drug interactions is patients in ICU care so that they are at greater risk for drug interactions. Often drug interactions are unknown in patients so it is important to investigate COVID-19 drug interactions especially in ICU patients because there are very few studies available thereby increasing patient safety in hospital ICU care. This study was conducted retrospectively by cross-sectional observational analytic to look at the drug interactions of COVID-19 in ICU patients in May - October 2020. This study was conducted at one of the Hospitals that has ICU facilities for COVID-19. Drugs prescribed during the patient's hospitalization were evaluated for drug interactions using the drugs.com Data were taken from 68 patients with a total of 1020 prescriptions..........

KEYWORDS: Drug Interaction, COVID-19, Intensive Care Unit

[1]. Magro, L., U. Moretti, and R. Leone, Epidemiology and characteristics of adverse drug reactions caused by drug-drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2012. 11(1): p. 83-94.
[2]. Lima, R.E. and S.H. De Bortoli Cassiani, Potential drug interactions in intensive care patients at a teaching hospital. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2009. 17(2): p. 222-7.
[3]. Gupta, M., et al., A study of potential drug-drug interactions among critically ill patients at a tertiary care hospital. 2017, 2017. 5(4): p. 5.
[4]. Rismanbaf, A. and S. Zarei, Liver and Kidney Injuries in COVID-19 and Their Effects on Drug Therapy; a Letter to Editor. Archives of academic emergency medicine, 2020. 8(1): p. e17-e17.
[5]. Yang, X., et al., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2020. 8(5): p. 475-481.

Gold metallo-drug, Auranofin is a gold containing triethyl phosphine, mostly it is advised to administer orally, to avoid Auranofin toxicity proper rational drug dose administration should be done, Auranofin has multi target mechanism and indication over Rheumatoid Arthritis, psoriatic Arthritis and HIV, it also has anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-retroviral(anti-viral) activity and anti-cancer activity. As SARS-COV-2 has recently emerged as a new public health threat. Herein, we suggest that the FDA-approved Auranofin, inhibits SARS-COV-2 replication in human cells at low micro molar concentration. It might be a useful drug to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and to treat the associated pneumonia according to the rational accurate dosing.

KEYWORDS: SARS CoV-2, Covid-19, Auranofin, Anti-viral, Gold Metallo-drug, Multi-purpose indication.

[1]. Roder, C.; Thomson, M. J. Auranofin: Repurposing an Old Drug for a Golden New Age. Drugs R&D 2015, 15, 13−20.
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[3]. Roder, C., Thomson, M.J., 2015. Auranofin: repurposing an old drug for a golden new age. Drugs R 15 (1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40268-015-0083-y. PubMed PMID: 25698589; PMCID: 4359176.
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Background: The virus causing COVID -19 disease is termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via small respiratory droplets, and mask use by public offers a tremendous help in reducing disease spread from pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. It has been thought as the most effective at stopping spread of the virus when compliance is high. Materials & Methods: This study has been planned to find out the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of mask use among two groups comprising of healthcare providers and patient parties respectively at Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital. It was a cross sectional KAP Questionnaire survey among 100 participants. A pre-designed, validated, structured Questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests...........

KEYWORDS: COVID-19; Mask; Questionnaire; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice.

[1]. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R: Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19). Stat Pearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2020
[2]. Feng S, Shen C, Xia N, Song N, Fan M, Cowling BJ: Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Respir Med. 2020, S2213-2600(20):30134-X. Accessed: Mar 20, 2020: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X
[3]. Information for Healthcare Professionals (2020). Accessed on 04.07.2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/index.html
[4]. Alsahafi, A.J.; Cheng, A.C. Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1214.
[5]. Modi P D, Nair G, Uppe A, et al. (April 02, 2020) COVID-19 Awareness Among Healthcare Students and Professionals in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: A Questionnaire-Based Survey. Cureus 12(4): e7514. doi:10.7759/cureus.7514

The Schiff base of p-amino benzoic acid and ethyl vanilline was prepared and characterized by IR , 1HNMR and mass spectra . The Schiff base transformed into inclusion Complexes with three types of cyclodextrins namely α-CD , β-CD and, 2HP-β-CD. The inclusion complexes were prepared following two different methods freeze drying and co-precipitation. Improvement of aqueous solubility were observed , the stability constant of inclusion complexes were calculated and the results confirmed 1:1 complexes formation.

KEYWORDS: Antranilic acid , Phase solubility , SEM , ethyl vanilline , inclusion Complexes.

[1]. Carbon-Nitrogen Double Bonds (1970). Carbon-Nitrogen Double Bond. (1970) doi:10.1002/9780470771204.
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The reverse class is a new teachingmethodthatofferteachers the opportunity to design their courses in such a way to improve the willingness and desire of students to participate and become the main actors in the learningprocess. In thisstudy, the teaching and research unit in pharmacovigilance in the pharmacology and toxicologylaboratory in the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, has set up the reverse class for teachingtwochapters of pharmacology: adverse drugreactions (ADR) and pharmacovigilance (PV) for the benefit of studentsfrom the 3rd and 4th year of the pharmacy section for the 2018-2019 academicyear. 146 studentsparticipated in thissurvey. 43.8% and 44.5% of studentssaidrespectivelythattheywereverysatisfied or satisfiedwiththis new teachingmethod..........

KEYWORDS: Adverse drugreactions, pharmacovigilance, reverse class, teaching

[1]. McLaughlin JE, Roth MT, Glatt DM, Gharkholonarehe N, Davidson CA, Griffin LM, Esserman DA, Mumper RJ. The Flipped Classroom: A Course Redesign to Foster Learning and Engagement in a Health Professions School. Academic Medicine. 2014 ;89(2):236–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086
[2]. LamineHayet. Versune nouvelle tendance de l'innovationpédagogiquebasée sur la classeinversée. Researchegate. 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303304174
[3]. Davies RS, Dean DL, Ball N. Flipping the classroom and instructional technologyintegration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course. Educational TechnologyResearch and Development. 2013;61(4):563–50. doi:10.1007/s11423-013-9305-6
[4]. Enfield J. Looking at the impact of the flipped classroom model of instruction onundergraduate multimedia students at CSUN. TechTrends. 2013;57(6):14-27.
[5]. Frydenberg M. Flipping Excel. 2012 Proceedings of the Information Systems EducatorsConference. 2012;29(1914):1–11. http://proc.isecon.org/2012/pdf/1914.pdf