Background: Curcuma plants (Zingiberaceae) have been widely used by Asians as a treatment for various diseases. Phytochemical studies show that Curcuma has bioactivity as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. This research aims to compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant, toxicity, and anticancer against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines activities of five Curcuma plants grown in Bogor, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Plants used in this research are the rhizomes of temu kunci (C. rotunda), temu putih (C. zedoaria), temu mangga (C. mangga), temu giring (C. heyneana), and temu hitam (C. aeruginosa). All plants were macerated using acetone, ethanol, and methanol........

KEYWORDS: Anticancer, Antioxidant, Curcuma, Toxicity, Phenolic value.

[1]. Kress WJ, Prince LM, Williams KJ. The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers (zingiberaceae): evidence from 5 molecular data. American Journal of Botany. 2002;89(10):1682-1696.
[2]. Sandrasari DA, Sabariman M, Azni IN. Determination of potential level of indonesian rhizomes as an antioxidant based on phenolic compound and antioxidant activity. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2019;383(1):1-6.
[3]. Jalip IS, Suprihatin, Wiryanti I, Sinaga E. Antioxidant activity and total flavonoids content of Curcuma rhizome extract. The 4 Th International Conference Green Technology Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University. 2014;93-99.
[4]. Samarasinghe B, Kaliyadasa E, Marasinghe P. Investigation of bioactivities and physicochemical properties of four different Curcuma species available in sri lanka. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-Products. 2021;1:83-88.
[5]. Zulaikha N. Chemical Constituents of Curcuma heyneana and Curcuma zedoaria. 2017.

Research has been carried out on evaluating the use of antihypertensive drugs in inpatients at the general hospital in the Mukomuko area which aims to see the rationality of the use of antihypertensive drugs which includes drug accuracy, dosage accuracy, and drug interactions that occur. The higher the number of cases of hypertension, the number of use of antihypertensive drugs will also increase, so the potential for irrational use of drugs is higher. This research is descriptive with retrospective data collection method from 83 medical records of patients with hypertension who were treated for at least 3 days, either with comorbidities or not. The most commonly used hypertension treatment........

Keywords: Antihypertensive, dosage accuracy, drug accuracy, drug interactions,hypertension, rationality.

[1]. WHO, 2019. [Online]. Available:https://www.who.int/health-topics/hypertension.
[2]. AR Tarigan, Z. Lubis and Syarifah, The effect of knowledge, attitudes and family support on hypertension diet in Hulu Village, PancurBatu District in 2016,Journal of Health, 11(1), 2018, 19-17.
[3]. WHO, Noncommunicable diseases, 2015. [Online]. Available:https://www.who.int/newsroom/qa-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension.
[4]. A. Laura, A. Darmayanti and D. Hasni, Evaluation of the use of antihypertensive drugs at the Ikur Koto Health Center in Padang City for the 2018 period, Journal of Human Care, 5(2), 2020, 570-576.
[5]. M. Ezzati, A.D. Lopez, A. Rodgers, S. V. Hoorn, C.J. Murray, Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden disease, Lancet, 360(9343), 2002, 1347-1360.

A research had been done to isolation of endophytic microba producing antibiotics of taro ketan tuber (Colocacia esculenta L.) with puspose to deside activity antibiotics of endophytic microbe of taro ketan tuber (Colocacia esculenta L.) toward some microbe test. The result isolation endophytic microbe of taro ketan tuber (Colocacia esculenta L.) from dilution 10-1 until 10-5 result 8 colony bacteria using Nutrien Agar (NA) media and 7 colony fungi using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Colony bacteri and fungi purified by quadran method result that 8 isolates bacteria (ISBT1, ISBT2, ISBT3, ISBT4, ISBT4, ISBT5, ISBT6, ISBT7, ISBT8) and 4 isolates fungi (ISJT1, ISJT2, ISJT3, ISJT4) then do fermentation with Maltose Yeast Broth.......

Keywords: Taro Ketan Tuber ((Colocacia esculenta L.), Isolation Endophytic Microbe, Antibiotics.

[1]. Strobel, G.A., 2003. Endophytes as sources of bioactive products. 5(6) Page:535-44.
[2]. Aisyah, I,. 2004. Skrining Mikroba Endofit Penghasil Antimikroba dari Tanaman Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoria (Berg). (Roscoe) Terhadap E. coli, C. albicans, dan A. Niger, Skripsi Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Insitut Sain dan teknologi Nasional, Jakarta.
[3]. Fajri A.M., Agustien A. dan Periadnadi. Isolasi, Karakterisasi Dan Potensi Bakteri Dari Tanaman Zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) Sebagai Penghasil Antibiotika. Jurnal Biologi, Universitas Andalas, 2015. Vol.4(2). Page: 102-106.
[4]. Rahmawaty, D., 2006. Penapisan dan Pemurnian Fraksi Bioaktif yang dihasilkan dari Isolat Bakteri dan Kapang Endofitik berdasarkan Aktivitas Antioksidan, Skripsi Mahasiswa fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila. Jakarta.
[5]. Leong, A.C., Yoshinori K., Masakuni T., Hironori I., Hirosuke O., dan Hajime T. 2009. Flavonoid glycosides in the shoot system of Okinawa Taumu (Colocasia esculenta L.).. 2009.07.004.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Urolithiasis refers to the accretion of hard, solid and nonmetallic minerals in the urinary tract. There are 5 types of stones they are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, struvite stones, uric acid stones, cysteine stones. Formation of kidney stones (calculogenesis)is a complex and multifactorial process including intrinsic (such as age, sex and heredity) and extrinsic factors such as geography, climate, dietary, mineral composition and water intake. Kidney patient with renal colic, experiencing a severe sharp pain at the flank often accompanied with nausea and emesis. The localization of stones is also important in choosing medications, surgery or lithotripsy. Ultrasonography is used frequently in determine the presence of renal stone. Complications of kidney stones are rare if kidney stones are not treated they can cause post renal AKI occurs after acute obstruction of the urinary flow which increase intra-tubular pressure and thus decrease GFR. Oral NSAIDS, antibiotics are available in managing renal calculi.........

Key Word: Urolithiasis, UTI, URSL, PCNL, AKI.

[1]. Agarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N. and Ichikawa, H., "Curcumin: the Indian solid gold". Adv. Exp.Med. Biol. 2007: 595: 1-75.
[2]. Amine Laroubi, Mohammed Touhami, Loubna Farouk and Rachida Aboufatima. Prophylaxis effect of Trigonella foenum graceum L. seeds on renal stone formation in rats. Phytotherapy. Res. 2007: 21: 921-925.
[3]. Atmani F., Medical management of urolithiasis, what opportunity for phytotherapy. Front Biosciences; 2003: 8:507-514.
[4]. Ansari MS, Gupta N.P, Impact of socioeconomic status and medical management of urinary stone disease. Urol International. 2003: 70 (4): 255-61.
[5]. Barceloux Brinkley, L., Hill, KD and Pak CYC.Relationship of animal protein rich diet to kidney stone formation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 1999: 66:140-146.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a family of euphorbiaceae which is known that leaves contain secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of ethanol solvent concentration as a solvent on levels of flavonoids in cassava leaves. The ethanol extract was made by maceration method using variations in the ethanol concentration of 70%, 80%, and 90%, to determine the flavonoid content in cassava leaves, a quantitative test was carried out with the UV- Vis Spectrophotometic method and the standard used for comparison was quersetin. The effectof concentration variations was analyzed by SPSS. The result showed that yield of the extrac at the respective concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90% was 13.458±2.099%, 14.714±0.636%, 11.056±0.840%, and the levels of flavonoids at the respective concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90% were 0.025±0.008 mg/g EQ, 0.031±0.01 mg/g EQ, and 0.045±0.002 mg/g EQ. The results of SPSS test with Oneway Annova test obtained a significance value of o,ooo<0,05, which means that there are differences in the levels of flavonoid in the ethanol extract of cassava leaves at concentration of 70%, 80%, and 90%.

Keywords: Cassava, Flavonoid, Solvent, Spectrophotometric UV-Vis

[1] Hasim, S. Falah, and L. K. Dewi, "Effect of Boiled Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz ) on Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and its Antioxidant Activity," Curr. Biochem., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 116–127, 2016.
[2] E. Hanani, Analisis Fiokimia. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2016.
[3] C. P. Suhendra, I. W. R. Widarta, and A. A. I. S. Wiadnyani, "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ETANOL TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK RIMPANG ILALANG (Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv.) PADA EKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK," J. Ilmu dan Teknol. Pangan, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 27, 2019, doi: 10.24843/itepa.2019.v08.i01.p04.
[4] E. S. Syamsul, Y. Y. Hakim, and H. Nurhasnawati, "PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK DAUN KELAKAI (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F.) Bedd.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS," J. Ris. Kefarmasian Indones., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11–20, 2019, doi:10.33759/jrki.v1i1.46.
[5] R. Depkes, Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta, 2000.

Diabetes mellitus has emerge as a international epidemic over the previous few many years and is one amongst the essential motives of loss of life worldwide. Although a number current drugs are in the market, natural drug treatments have typically maintained global recognition in accomplishing the foremost fitness care wants of the diabetic populace due to the fact of the a couple of negative consequences associated to them. Herbal drugs have a extended records of being used as medicines and sources of remedy for diabetes mellitus. Some of them are enclosed inside the cutting-edge therapeutic arsenal of medicine, and others are used as complementary remedy or as dietary dietary supplements with the aid of sufferers.......

Keywords: Diabetes; Epidemic Herbal Medicinal Plants; Macroscopic Character; Chemical Constituents; Uses

[1]. Kharroubi AT and Darwish HM. "Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century". World Journal of Diabetes 6.6 (2015):850.
[2]. Laha S and Paul S. "Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar): A potent herb with anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential". Pharmacognosy Journal 11.2 (2019).
[3]. Paniagua JA. "Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome". World Journal of Diabetes 7.19 (2016): 483.
[4]. Kokate CK., et al. "A text book of Pharmacognosy". Nirali Prakashan 2 (2021): 1.51-1.52
[5]. Kokate CK., et al. "A text book of Pharmacognosy". Nirali Prakashan 2 (2021): 1.113-1.115

Background: Nosocomial infections are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for other health conditions within a healthcare setting or facility. Sphygmomanometers measure the blood pressure of patients, the direct contact of the cuffs with patients' skin during use; makes them a potential source of transmission of infection. The aims of this study were to investigate the microbial contamination of blood pressure cuffs of sphygmomanometers used on patients in healthcare facilities and to determine the effectiveness of 70% isopropyl alcohol in reducing the microbial load on the blood pressure cuffs. Materials and Method: The microbial isolation from the blood pressure cuffs was done following the standard microbiological isolation and identification techniques.Three.........

Keywords: sphygmomanometers, blood pressure cuffs, nosocomial infections, healthcare associated infections, hospital acquired infections.

[1]. Azeez-Akande, O. (2012). Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Agents of Nosocomial Diseases-The Need for Review of Hospital Policy and Control Strategies. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 5(2): 19-25.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v5i2.3
[2]. Baruah JK, Gratrix A, Dibb W and Madeo M (2008). Blood pressure cuffs as a potential fomite for transmission of pathogenic micro- organisms: A prospective study in a university teaching hospital. British Journal of Infection Control, 9 (4):20

[3]. Bernward R and Gabriele H (1980). Introducing Mycology by Examples. Berlin: Schering A.G, 140pp.
[4]. Fitsum W, Desalegn A, Dereje M, and Mulatu A (2019). Non-critical healthcare tools as a potential source of healthcare-acquired bacterial infections in eastern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross- sectional study. Sage Open Medicine,7: 1–10 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118822627
[5]. Gialluly C, Morange V, Gialluly E., Loulergue J., Mee N. and Quentin. R (2006) "Blood Pressure Cuff as a Potential Vector of Pathogenic Microorganisms: A Prospective Study in a Teaching Hospital". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 27:940-943