Chronic wounds tend to be suffered by people with diabetes mellitus and paralysis, which causes decubitus ulcers. The older the age, low the immunity and the risk of getting infected with the wound become higher. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported as the common causes in this case. This has led to reduced quality of life and depression in some patients; even post-amputation surgery sites of the part still have the potential complication of infection. Rhoeo discolor, occurs in many tropical countries that are found to have antibacterial properties because of their phenolic contents.Therefore, an in-silico study has occurred using molecular docking to determine which compound potentially has an antibacterial agent in wound infection, which is seen by its binding affinity of each bacterial receptors.........

KEYWORDS: Molecular docking; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Rhoeo discolor;Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus

[1]. Gould L, Abadir P, Brem H, Carter M, Conner-Kerr T, Davidson J, et al. Chronic wound repair and healing in older adults: Current status and future research. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2015 Jan 1;23(1):1–13.

[2]. Berbudi A, Rahmadika N, Tjahjadi AI, Ruslami R. Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020 Oct 28;16(5):442–9.

[3]. Garoy EY, Gebreab YB, Achila OO, Tekeste DG, Kesete R, Ghirmay R, et al. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients - A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 2019;2019.

[4]. Kadam S, Nadkarni S, Lele J, Sakhalkar S, Mokashi P, Kaushik KS. Bioengineered Platforms for Chronic Wound Infection Studies: How Can We Make Them More Human-Relevant? Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 13;7(418):1–15.

[5]. Fino P, Taranto G di, Pierro A, Kacjulite J, Codolini L, Onesti MG, et al. Depression risk among patients with chronic wounds. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci [Internet]. 2019;23:4310–2. Available from: www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Beck-De-

Drying is the most important process to maintain the stability of chemical compounds from plants. Chemical compounds from plants that have medicinal properties, one of them is flavonoids which are secondary metabolites. To get high levels of flavonoids, we must keep to how to drain any plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the best drying methods wich obtained higher levels of flavonoids. The study was such an experimental analytical research consisting of two groups. The herbs was dried by two different methods aerated and sun heating. Extraction was conducted by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Flavonoid levels were calculated using UV-Vis spectrofometry. The average flavonoid content in the aerated group and the sun heating group 2 mg/gram and 1.89 mg/gram respectively.

KEYWORDS: Drying methods, flavonoids, patikankebo

[1] L. Rodney, Croteau, Toni M, Kutchan, Norman G., "Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites)," in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plant, 2018, pp. 1250–1318.

[2] S. . Asha.S, Deevika.B, Mohammad, "EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN - A REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY," World J. Pharm. Res., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 180–205, 2015.

[3] W. Ahmad, S. Singh, S. Kumar, and C. Waseem Ahmad, "Phytochemical Screening and antimicrobial study of Euphorbia hirta extracts," J Med Plants Stud, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 183–186, 2017.

[4] G. A. A. Prathapasinghe, "Effect of drying methods on the total flavonoid content , total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of five plant leaves with potential use in cosmetics," no. October, p. 2019, 2019.

[5] R. Mansour, "Effects of drying process on total phenolics, and flavonoids content of thyme vulgaris extract," Int. J. ChemTech Res., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 632–638, 2016.

Nanopharmaceuticals represent an emerging field where the sizes of drug particles or a therapeutic delivery system work at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology can offer the advantages of increasing solubility and bioavailability of delivering drugs. Nearly 40% of drugs coming to the market nowadays are having poor solvency-related issues and 70% of molecules in the discovery are in effect fundamentally insoluble in water, a long-standing issue is the difficulty of delivering the appropriate dose of a particular active agent to the specific disease site. The poor solubility of many drugs along with a slow dissolution rate is a major research and industrial problem for pharmaceutical scientists and industries. Nanopharmaceuticals have enormous potential in addressing this failure of traditional therapeutics which offers site-specific targeting of active agents. Such precision targeting via nanopharmaceuticals reduces toxic systemic side effects, resulting in better patient compliance....

KEYWORDS: ....

[1]. H. Beyers, S. Malan, J. Vander Watt, M. De Villiers Structure-solubility relationship and thermal decomposition of furosemide
[2]. In Vitro Release Test of Nano-drug Delivery Systems Based on Analytical and Technological Perspectives
[3]. Author(s) Emirhan Nemutlu, Ipek Eroglu, Hakan Eroglu, Sedef Kir
[4]. Review Article A Review of In Vitro Drug Release Test Methods for Nano- Sized Dosage Forms Susan D'Souza Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Nanoemulsion: Importance in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
[5]. Release of Hydrochlorothiazide by Nanosization Technique Vinod Mokale1,*, Bharti Khatumaria2, Umakant Verma1, Navin Shimpi2, Jitendra Naik1 and Satyendra Mishra2

Background: Ketoprofen (KETO) is an example of drugs with limited solubility and high permeability that are classified as biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II. Its poor water solubility can give rise to formulation problems and reduce its therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability. Materials and Methods: A simple solution mixing method was used to formulate KETO into solid dispersion with cationic hydrophilic polymers; Eudragit® E (EE) and chitosan (CH). These solid dispersions were prepared at various drug:polymer ratios; 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 by solvent evaporation methods. Physiochemical characteristics including %yield, %drug content, and in-vitro.....

KEYWORDS: Ketoprofen; Chitosan; Eudragit E; Solid dispersion; Solvent evaporation.

[1]. Adeyeye MC, Brittain HG (Eds.) Preformulation solid dosage form development; Informa Healthcare USA: New York, NY, USA, 2008.
[2]. Di L, Fish PV, Mano T, Bridging solubility between drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today. 2012; 17(9-10): 486–495.
[3]. Kalepu S, Nekkanti V, Insoluble drug delivery strategies: Review of recent advances and business prospects. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 2015; 5: 442–453.
[4]. Tsume Y, Langguth P, Garcia-Arieta A, Amidon GL, In silico prediction of drug dissolution and absorption with variation in intestinal pH for BCS class II weak acid drugs: Ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Biopharm. Drug Dispos. 2012; 33: 366–377.
[5]. Maestrelli F, Zerroukb N, Cirri M, Menninia N, Mura P, Microspheres for colonic delivery of ketoprofen-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2008; 34: 1-11.
[6]. Trisanti PN, Sumarno. The effect of water addition in inclusion formation of ketoprofen/β-cyclodextrin using supercritical CO2. In Proceedings of the AIP Conference Proceedings; AIP Publishing LLC: Melville, NY, USA. 2019; Volume 2085, p. 20052