The skin can be used as the site for drug administration for continuous transdermal drug infusion into the systemic circulation. For the continuous diffusion penetration of the drugs through the intact skin surface membrane-moderated systems, matrix dispersion type systems, adhesive diffusion controlled systems and micro reservoir systems have been developed. Various penetration enhancers are used for the drug diffusion through skin. In matrix dispersion type systems, the drug is dispersed in the solvent along with the polymers and solvent allowed to evaporate forming a homogeneous drug-polymer matrix. Matrix type systems were developed in the present study..........

KEYWORDS: Cyproheptadine,Transdermal drug delivery, Diffusion, Penetration enhancers, Higuchi release.

[1]. Chien Y.W. "Novel Drug Delivery Systems", 2nd Edition, Drugs And Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume-50, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
[2]. Finnin B C, Morgan T M, Trasndermal penetration. J Pharm Sci. Oct 1999;88 (10):955-958.
[3]. Allen L V, Popovich N G, Ansel H C, Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Sysstems, 8th Edition, Lippincott Williams &wilkins, 2005:298- 315.
[4]. Barry B. Transdermal Drug Delivery. In Ed: Aulton M E, Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingston. 2002:499-533
[5]. Cleary G W, Transdermal controlled release systems. Medical Applications of Controlled Release. 1:203-251.

This work aimed to investigate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of the hydro alcoholic extract of Perichlaenarichardii leaves in rat. Its effect on gastric mucosa was studied on gastric lesions induced by orally administering indomethacin at dose 30 mg/kg for 5 days. Misoprostol, at the dose of 1.4 μg/kg, was used as reference, while the effect of extract P. richardii on acid secretion was investigated after pylorus ligation. The extract P. richardii reduces indomethacin induced gastric surface ulcerous lesions. The administration of the extract at doses 150 and 300 mg/kg results in the reduction of surface lesions from........

KEYWORDS: Anti-secretory,antiulcer, muco-protector, rat

[1] A. Allen, G. Flemstrom, A. Garner, and E. Kivilaakso,Gastroduodenal mucosal protection,American Physiological Society, 73(4), 1993, 823-830.
[2] A. Allen and G.Flemström, Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: protection against acid and pepsin,American Journal of Physiology, 288(1), 2005, C1-9.
[3] JD. Kaunitz andY.Akiba, Gastroduodenal mucosal defense: Role of endogenous mediators. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 20, 2004, 526-532.
[4] R. Gadekar, PK. Singour, PK. Chaurasiya, RS. Pawar andUK. Patil, A potential of some medicinal plants as an antiulcer agents,Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(8), 2010, 136.
[5] HHS.Fong, Tin-Win and NR. Farnsworth. Phytochemical Screening plants,Pharmacological Reviews, University of Illinois, Chicago (USA), 1977, 275-277.

Ipomoea hederifolia (Convolvulaceae family) haveshown long history of medicinal uses including folk remedies for many biological conditions. The current study's objectiveis to extract, isolate and characterize bioactivechemicals from the stem parts of I.hederifolia and alsomeasures the invitro antioxidant activity (using DPPH assay), antibacterial activity, total flavonoid and phenol content. Chemical examination of stem portion yieldedβ-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucosidecompound whose structure established on the bases of various spectral NMR data. Stempowder showed better Antioxidant activity in 30% aqeous methanol extract, more phenolic content in acetone extract and high flavonoidcontent in methanol extract(using Catechin standard)and acetone extract(using Quercetin standard), less antibacterial activity in invitro mode.

KEYWORDS: Ipomoea hederifolia; Ascorbic acid;Gallic acid; DPPH; Quercetin; Catechin.

[1]. Pagare S, Bhatia M, Tripathi N, Pagare S, Bansal YK. Secondary metabolites of plants and their role: Overview. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy. 2015;9(3):293-304

[2]. Lowell C, Lucansky TW. Vegetative anatomy and morphology of Ipomoea hederifolia (Convolvulaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 1986 Oct 1:382-97.

[3]. Rojas-Sandoval J. Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper). Invasive Species Compendium. 2016(119818).

[4]. Moshobane MC, Winter P, Middleton L. Record of naturalized Ipomoea hederifolia (Linnaeus 1759)(Convolvulaceae), Scarlet morning-glory in South Africa. BioInvasions Record. 2022 Mar 1;11(1).

[5]. Srivastava D, Rauniyar N. Medicinal Plants of Genus Ipomoea. Beau Bassin. 2020.

The role of pharmacists in diabetes management, including patient identification, assessment, education, referral, and monitoring, is described. Pharmacists can help identify patients with diabetes through screening and should target patients at high risk, people with a family history of the disease, and women with a history of gestational diabetes or who delivered a baby weighing more than nine pounds. Patient education should be provided immediately after diagnosis, at a second stage at which time a patient assessment can be performed, and at a third stage during which patients can receive continuing education to reinforce concepts and a motivational boost. One of the pharmacist's most important roles is the referral of patients to other members of the diabetes care team. Although the role of the pharmacist in monitoring diabetes is not well defined, it might include such things as ascertaining whether physician visits and testing to assess long-term glycemic control. Obtaining certification as a diabetes educator is recommended.........

KEYWORDS: pharmacy, interventions, outcomes, benefits, glycemic control, cost – effectiveness.

[1]. American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(Suppl 1):S11–S66.

[2]. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Zeitler P. The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescent. J Pediatr. 2005;146(5):693–700.

[3]. American Diabetes Association Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2000;23 (3):381–389.

[4]. International Diabetes Federation IDF Diabetes Atlas. Seventh Edition. 2015. Available from: www.diabetesatlas.org. Accessed October 28, 2016.

[5]. World Health Organization Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet [updated June 2016] [Accessed October 28, 2016]. Available from: http://www.who.int/media centre/factsheets/fs311/en/Accessed October 28,2016.

Because nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma, this transcription factor is a potential target for the treatment of this devastating disease. AlabTM peptide is one of the antitumor peptides derived Lactobacillus helveticus KTCT 15075BP, and it has shown NF-kB inhibitory activity. It is pharmacologically safe, but its bioavailability is poor after oral administration. Alab peptide was nanoencapsulated in a exosomal delivery system to allow intravenous administration of smart probiotic Nutrient Delivery System(NDS). We studied the in vitro and in vivo effects of this exosomal nanoencapsulated alab peptide on proliferation, apoptosis, signaling, and angiogenesis using human gastric carcinoma cells. NF-kB was constitutively active in all human gastric carcinoma cell lines evaluated.......

KEYWORDS: gastric carcinoma, apoptosis, angiogenesis, exosomal nanoencapsulation, probiotic Nutrient Delivery System(NDS), anticancer effects, AlabTM peptide.

[1]. He, J., Weihong Ren, W.R., Wang, W., Han, W., Jiang, L., Zhang, D., Guo, M. 2022. Exosomal targeting and its potential clinical application. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 12:2385–2402.
[2]. Donoso-Quezada J., Ayala-Mar S., González-Valdez J. 2020. State-of-the-art exosome loading and functionalization techniques for enhanced therapeutics: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 40:804–820.
[3]. Chen, H., Wang, L., Zeng, X., Schwarz, H., Nanda, H.S., Peng, X., Yubin Zhou, Y. 2021. Exosomes, a new star for targeted delivery. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9:1-20.
[4]. Kim, D.M., Kwak, H.S. 2004. Nutrient Delivery System(NDS) materials and approachable development of nanofunctional dairy products. Kor. Dairy Food Engin. 1:1-7.
[5]. Kim, D.M., Cho, G.S. 2006. Nanofood and its materials as nutrient delivery system (NDS). Agric. Chem. Biotechnol. 49(2):39-47.