Inflammation acts as the body's physiological response to infection and injury and maintains tissue homeostasis in various hazardous conditions. Therefore, this article was designed to provide up-to-date information on the phytochemical and anti-inflammatory activities of Nigella sativa. This review presents the literature evidence from 2011 to 2021. As a source of literature review, three bibliographic databases were used (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar). A total of 18 studies were used in this paper based on the eligibility criteria, and this review includes ten articles on phytochemicals and eight articles on an anti-inflammatory. Phytochemical compounds contained in Nigella sativa are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, saponins, terpenoids, and resins. Pharmacological investigations reported the anti-inflammatory activities of Nigella sativa by inhibiting edema formation, decreasing the development of granulomatous tissue, reducing arthritis, reducing leukocyte count, increasing IL-10 and TGF-β gene expression, and inhibiting NO production decreasing IL-6 and TNF expression.

KEYWORDS: Phytochemical; Pharmacology; Anti-inflammatory; Nigella

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Fraction of kesumba keling seeds (Bixa orellana L.) contains the compound bixin which is known to have antioxidant properties. To improve stability and acceptability, this fraction was microencapsulated using gum arabic and maltodextrin. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the microencapsulated fraction of kesumba keling seeds (Bixa orellana L.). The microencapsulated formulation used gum arabic and maltodextrin encapsulants. Evaluations carried out on the results were yield, solubility of microcapsules, flow rate, efficiency of microcapsules and antioxidant activity. As a parameter, the antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl) which was measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry with several variations in concentration. The results obtained showed a solubility of 85.558%, flow rate of 4.596 g/s, efficiency of microcapsules 99.628%,. The conclusion obtained is proven to be microencapsulated fraction of kesumba keeling seed (Bixa orellana L.) has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 3.264 ppm very strong category

KEYWORDS: Bixa orellana L., microencapsulation, DPPH

[1]. Santi, Ni, M. 2021. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Bunga Gemitir ( Tagetes erecta Linn). Jurnal Farmagazine, VIII: 25–31.
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Objectives :To analyze the demographic, clinicopathological and treatment aspects of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Materials and Methods: Prospective institutional based observational study over a period of January 2020 to December 2020 in the department of ENT, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan. This study includes 100 cases who presented with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease during the study period. The patients of both sex, age more than 18 years were included in the study and patients who did not give consent were excluded from the study. Results: The age of patient with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the study group ranged from 20 to 70 years and most commonly affected age group is 31 to 40......

KEYWORDS: Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease; Sticky sensation; Gastric suppression.

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Background: According to the latest World malaria report, there were 228 million cases of malaria in 2018 compared to 231 million cases in 2017. The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 405 000 in 2018, compared with 416 000 deaths in 2017. Nigeria is a high endemic country of malaria. This study is on the prevalence of malaria in two hospitals in Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was carried out between May and June 2019. A total of two hundred (200) individual were examined. Microscopic examination was carried out on the thick film prepared. The overall total prevalence showed a total number of 85 (85%) positive for malaria. The patients of age group 11-20 years had the highest rate of infection (100%) in both hospitals. Also adult ages 21-30 years of age had (85%) prevalence of malaria.Percentage of students infected with malaria was 84.5% while trader and factory workers had prevalence of 85% and 88.8% respectively. There is need for rigorous control measures and enlightens campaign to further educate occupants of this area on malaria transmission. Campaign, Malaria, Patients, Igbesa

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Background: Field survey on Spider species composition, density, abundance and percent occurrence was conducted in three selected sites of Mysore city during January to April, 2019 using active searching, beating, leaf sampling and net sweeping techniques. A total of 1,210 individuals of 105 species belonging to 22 families were recorded. The Salticidae was the most dominant family having highest number of species recorded (25.71%), followed by Araneidae (20.95%), Theridiidae (10.47%), Oxyopidae and Uloboridae (6.6% each), Tetragnathidae, Sparassidae and Thomisidae (3.8% each), Lycosidae and Philodromidae (2.85% each), Linyphiidae and Pholicidae (1.90% each) and families Cheiracanthiidae, Corrinidae, Clubionidae, Dictynidae, Gnaphosidae, Hersilidae, Liocarnidae.......

KEYWORDS: Arachnida, Araneae, Spider Diversity, Mysore city.

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