Diabetes is the chronic condition occurs due to incapability of pancreas to synthesis insulin to metabolises excessive sugar present from daily food. Some factors also affect on diabetes occurrence like environmental, genetic, stress, insulin resistance, obesity. As per International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 387 million people worldwide were diagnosed with diabetes in 2014, with that figure expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. many chemically synthesised drugs used management of diabetes like glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide, bromocriptine, but they produce adverse effect on our body. Many more natural drugs are also used for maintain sugar level & sugar metabolism in body.......

Keywords:- Beta cell damage, Diabetes mellitus, Herbs, Insulin resistance.

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INTRODUCTION: Oral health is known to serve as a pathway for maintaining the general systemic health. The poor oral health is mainly due to the microorganisms which contributes combined action in formation of dental plaque and calculus which on long term irregular improper maintenance phases leads to destruction of the tooth supporting structures. The present study contemplates about the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against the bacteria's which destructs the supporting structures in oral cavity........

Keywords:- Essential oil, Almond oil, Anti-microbial activity, Oral bacteria..

[1]. Ruchika Agarwal 1 Lakshmi.T Eucalyptus oil in dentistry: A mini Review Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., October -December 2013, 5 (4): 58-61
[2]. Seenivasan Prabuseenivasan, Manickkam Jayakumar and Savarimuthu IgnacimuthuIn vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-6-39
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Injectable medication errors primarily occur during preparation and administration. Currently, Indonesia's Ministry of Health has a regulator for the pharmacist's role in iv admixture. But Indonesia still lacks pharmacists, so they have not routinely monitored intravenous drug incompatibility. The objective of the study is to know the potential incompatibility of intravenous admixtures. Data from the patients in the intensive care unit of two type C hospitals in Semarang who stayed from January to June 2022 were retrospectively collected. We analysed the iv drugs that had been given simultaneously. The results of the study show that patients aged >65 years are the most (32 %) and cardiovascular disease (29,82%) is the most diagnosed. From 114 patients who meet our criteria, we find 1719 iv drug simultaneously given, 7,5% are incompatible. Midazolam, dobutamine, furosemide, heparin, were the most commonly involved in potential incompatibility in our study.

Keywords:- Incompatibilities, Intravenous, Intensive Care Unit.

[1].[1].[1].[1]. Vijayakumar A, Sharon EV, Teena J, Nobil S, Nazeer I. A clinical study on drug-related problems associated with intravenous drug administration. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2014 Mar;5(2):49–53.
[2].[2].[2].[2]. Hiremath D, John NN, Patil SS, Anil A. Compatibility Assessment of Intravenous Admixtures in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. 2020;6(2):4.
[3].[3].[3].[3]. Abdelkader A, Fathi HA, Hamad MA, Elsabahy M. Nanomedicine: a new paradigm to overcome drug incompatibilities. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2020;72(10):1289–305.
[4].[4].[4].[4]. Toptas M, Sengul Samanci N, Akkoc İ, Yucetas E, Cebeci E, Sen O, et al. Factors Affecting the Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit: Our Clinical Experience. BioMed Res Int. 2018 Mar 20;2018:e9438046.
[5].[5].[5].[5]. Miniksar ÖH, Özdemir M. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Very Elderly Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective and Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med Peer-Rev Off Publ Indian Soc Crit Care Med. 2021 Jun;25(6):629–34.

Orodispersible films are a relatively new intraoral dosage form. In addition to facilitating oral administration of drugs in dysphagia patients, they can be used in the context of personalized therapy in geriatric and pediatric populations. In this study, a total of nine formulations were made using the solvent casting method, containing different concentrations of three hydrophilic polymers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), glycerol as a plasticizer, and raspberry and blueberry flavor. The characterization of orodispersible films included the thickness and weight uniformity, disintegration time, pH, folding endurance,.......

Keywords:- orodispersible films, characterization, hydrophilic cellulose derivatives, formulation

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A white spot lesion (WSL) is a sign of decalcification or demineralization of enamel that appears as a white spot on surfaces of the tooth.. It was considered as a most important undesirable consequences of orthodontic therapy, despite advances in techniques and materials in preventive dentistry and orthodontics. Most commonly used self applied topical fluorides are toothpaste and mouth rinse whereas professionally applied topical fluorides for orthodontic patients include fluoride varnish, fluoridated composite bonding material, fluoridated glass - ionomer cement and pit & fissure sealant. A high dose of fluoride toothpaste is recommended to inhibit the formation of white spot lesion.......

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