Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy now is a proven technique intended for treating symptomatic gallstones or their complications which arises from gallstones. In excess of the last 15 years, gallbladder disease has become a very common problem for older children and young adolescents. Main causes for development of cholelithiasis in children were: hemolytic disease, especially sickle cell disease or hereditary spherocytosis. Non hemolytic stones in adults are primarily cholesterol-based. In younger children, many stones have predominantly calcium carbonate.......

Keywords:- Cholelithiasis ; gallbladder stones; gallstone disease; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

[1]. Ros E, Zambon D, Fort J, Azpiroz F, Casellas F, An¬dreu J, et al. Acute calculous cholecystitis: Review of current best practices. Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech . 2016;28(1):2708–12.
[2]. Risk factors, complications, and outcomes of gallstones in children: a single-center review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010; 50: 303-308
[3]. Mehta S.Lopez M.Chumpitazi B.et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for symptomatic pediatric gallbladder disease. Pediatrics. 2012; 129: e82-e88.
[4]. Tahir AA, Mahmood F, Waheed MR, Khan MN, Hussain A. CONSENTING PRACTICE FOR POST-OPERATIVE DIARRHEA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY NEEDS ATTENTION. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019 Jun 26;27(2):107-10.
[5]. Farahmandfar MR, Chabok M, Alade M, Bouhelal A, Patel B. Post cholecystectomy diarrhoea—a system¬atic review. Surgical Science. 2012; 3(06):332-8.

Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) is a rare clinical disease which can cause recurrent upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding. This is a condition in which the blood vessels in the lining of the stomach become fragile and become prone to rupture and bleed. It is responsible for the occurrence of about 4% of non-variceal upper GI hemorrhages. GAVE is also known as watermelon stomach because of its characteristic endoscopic appearance. The disease is usually associated with chronic illness, mostly liver cirrhosis and connective tissue diseases........

Keywords:- GAVE, Watermelon Stomach, APC, Endoscopy, Vascular ectasia.

[1]. Jabbari M, Cherry R, Lough JO, Daly DS, Kinnear DG, Goresky CA. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: The watermelon stomach. Gastroenterology. 1984; 87(5): 1165-70.
[2]. Alkhormi AM, Memon MY, Alqarawi A. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Transl Int Med. 2018; 6(1): 47-51.
[3]. https://www.gastrointestinalatlas.com
[4]. Nguyen H, Le C, Nguyen H. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (Watermelon Stomach)-An Enigmatic and Often-Overlooked Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Elderly. Perm J. 2009; 13(4): 46-9.
[5]. Keohane J, Berro W, Harewood GC, Murray FE, Patchett SE. Band ligation of gastric antral vascular ectasia is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment. Dig Endosc. 2013; 25(4): 392-6.

Background: Various psychiatric disorders are treated with psychotropic agents. A high incidence of adverse drug reactions is associated with the majority of these drugs, which result in substantial morbidity and mortality. In addition to raising awareness and promoting pharmacovigilance, clinical pharmacists assist patients and healthcare professionals in identifying possible adverse reactions........

Keywords:- Adverse drug reactions [ADRs], Psychotropic agents, Incidence rate, Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmacovigilance, Risk-benefit ratio.

[1]. Backes, Katherine A, Borges, Nicole J, Binder, S. Bruce, Roman, Brenda. First-year medical student objective structured clinical exam performance and specialty choice. International Journal of Medical Education. 2013; 4:38-40.
[2]. Alarcón, Renato D. "Psychiatry and Its Dichotomies", Psychiatric Times.1ancet 2000; 33(5):1255-9.
[3]. Ramesh M, Pandit J and Parthasarathi. G. Adverse drug reactions in a south Indian hospital– their severity and cost involved. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug safety. Interscience. Available from www.interscience.wiley.com
[4]. G.Parthasarthi. Karin Nyfort – Hansen. Milap C N ahata. A Textbook of clinical Pharmacy Practice. 2ndedition.Universities press; 2015:p.105.
[5]. Yawalkar N, ShrikhandeM, Hari Y, Nievergelt H, Braathen LR, Pichler WJ. Evidence for a role for IL-5 and eotaxin in activating and recruiting eosinophils in drug- induced cutaneous eruptions.J Allergy CLINiMMUNOL. 2000; p.1171-76.

The monkeypox virus is a rare viral disease capable of causing severe illness in humans and animals. A sooty mangabey and a rope squirrel were the only known wild outbreaks of monkeypox, which may be transmitted through saliva or respiratory excretions. Humans may contract monkeypox by inhaling droplets from their respiratory tracts, contacting bodily fluids, or contacting their environment contaminated by infected patients. Nosocomial transmission has also been described. Monkeypox has a 6 to the 13-day incubation period, and symptoms include lethargy, chills, fever, headaches, swelling of lymph nodes, asthenia, myalgia, and back pain. Viral culture, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry.......

Keywords:- Monkeypox, viral disease, Vaccine, Mpox.

[1]. Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141. Published 2022 Feb 11. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141
[2]. Weaver JR, Isaacs SN. Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins. Immunol Rev. 2008;225:96-113. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x
[3]. Khodakevich L, Jezek Z, Kinzanzka K. Isolation of monkeypox virus from wild squirrel infected in nature. Lancet (1986) 1:98–9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90748-8
[4]. Sklenovská N, Van Ranst M. Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans. Front Public Health. 2018;6:241. Published 2018 Sep 4. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00241
[5]. Parker S, Nuara A, Buller RM, Schultz DA. Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonotic disease. Future Microbiology. 2007; 2(1):17–34. https://doi.org/10.2217/17460913.2.1.17 PMID: 17661673.

This study explored the relationship between leadership style preference and motivation in young adults. The sample size was 100 and the data was collected using convenience sampling. The study aimed to address the research gap of how different leadership styles affect different types of motivation. The study used a correlational method to examine the variables without interference. The study results gave insights that leadership style preference has a positive significant relationship with motivation in young adults.

Keywords:- Leadership style, Motivation, Young Adults

[1]. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., & McKee, A. (2013). Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. [2]. Tiraieyari, N., Abdul Hamid, J., Omar, Z., Wahat, W., Othman, J., & De Silva, J. (2013). Is Leadership Motivation Affected by Career Orientation? A Case Study of Malaysian Youth in Public Universities. Asian Social Science, 10(2). doi:10.5539/ass.v10n2p1
[3]. Al-Asfour, Ahmed & College, Larry & Lettau,. (2014). Strategies for Leadership Styles for Multi-Generational Workforce. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics. 11. 58-69.
[4]. Perpék, É., Győri, Á., & Lengyel, G. (2016). Preferred leadership style, managerial and entrepreneurial inclination among Hungarian students. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 13(7), 75-92.
[5]. Chowdhury, T.N. (2015). A survey on perceived leadership traits of the young and experienced leaders: Preference of the young recruits. Leadership, 7(3).