Respiratory tract infections can be caused by a wide variety of phathoges(Bacteria,mycobacteria,fungus,viruses) which can infect both animals and human. Airborne transmission via droplets and aerosols enables some of these viruses to spread efficiently among animals-humans, causing outbreaks that are difficult to control. Many outbreaks have been investigated retrospectively to study the possible routes of inter- animal-human virus transmission. Ethno-veterinary and herbal practices have been in use for centuries, resulting in transfer of knowledge to the common people of the society including the farming sector. The main advantages lie in the facts that they are accessible, easy to prepare and administer, with little cost involved. This paper reviewed the Alien medicinal plants in South Africa that possessed antibacterial ,antimycobacterial , antifungal ,antiviral activities and immunodulatory.

Keywords : Antimicrobial,Alien medicinal plants, Bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,Phathogens, immunodulatory.

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Saffron is one of the herbal plants that has an important role in the medical. Saffron contains flavonoid compounds that have cholesterol reduction activity. This study aims to determine the highest concentration that provides the greatest reduction in cholesterol levels from the saffron ethanol extract fraction in vitro and to determine the differences in total flavonoid levels and cholesterol reduction activity of the saffron ethanol extract fraction in vitro. The extraction method used is remaceration using 50% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation by preparative thin layer chromatography method using mobile phase ethyl acetate : isopropyl alcohol : aquadest (65:25:10).......

Keywords : Cholesterol, Liebermann-Burchard, Saffron (Crocus sativus), Flavonoid Levels, TLCP

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