Abstract

Background––Vitamin B12, also called Cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, formation of red blood cells andsynthesis of DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is characterized by megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological changes, such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet. Therefore early and reliable diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency is very important to avoid irreversible damage. Aims and Objectives––The aim of present study is to find out the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in well socioeconomic population of Bhuj city. Materials and Methods––This study is carried out among the higher socio-economic class of 866 subjects of various age & sex. These tests were carried out in Dr. Pandya Pathological Lab, Bhuj by fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. Results––Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency is around 44.2%. Most common age group to be affected by vitamin B12 deficiency is 21 – 40 years. Increasing age and vegetarian diet without any animal products are main risk factor for developing vitamin B12deficiency. Conclusions––Commonest cause for vitamin B12 deficiency is low dietary intake of milk and milk products in female, malnutrition in elders and vegetarianism.
Keywords––Cobalamindeficiency, Megaloblastic anemia, Vitamin B12

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Abstract

The objective of our study is to investigate the possible anxiolytic-like effect of zinc using one of the most useful animal models of anxiety, which is the Vogel conflict test (VCT) and to investigate the possible involvement of the glutamatergic system and NMDA receptors in this postulated effect. The anxiolytic-like effect of ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) in the VCT was abolished by the pretreatment of animals with N-methyl-D-Aspartic acid (75 mg/kg, i.p., NMDA receptor agonist) that per se produced no effect in VCT. Moreover, the treatment of mice with CGP37849 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p., a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) or MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p., a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) was able to potentiate the action of sub-effective dose of ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Overall results indicate that zinc induces the anxiolytic-like effect in mice without development of tolerance and inhibition of the NMDA receptor activity is involved in the mechanism of this effect.

Keywords––Anxiety, Glutamate, NMDA receptor, Vogel conflict test, Zinc.

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Abstract

This paper introduces a kinetic-spectrophotometric method for diclofenac quantification and its application to pharmaceutical preparations. The redox reaction rate between diclofenac and KMnO4 in a strong acidic environment is determined. Plotting initial slope vs. concentration a good linearity has been found. Linear range of the essay was 5-20 ppm. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate has been studied and Ea was 21.48 kJ/mol. The proposed method was found to be highly precise, having a relative standard deviation, CV% = 1.3% for repeatability (n=10). Recovery of analyte in placebo 98.7 - 108.15%, values that fall within the requirements set by USP and ANMAT (National Drug, Food and Medical Technology Administration of Argentina). This spectrophotometric method was compared with HPLC. Statistical data show no significant difference between them. The proposed method was found to be simple, rapid, specific, allowing the determination without preliminary extraction procedures.

Keywords––Diclofenac, kinetics, quantification, spectrophotometry, tablets

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[4]. O.Kuhlmann, G.Stoldt, H.G Struck, G.J Krauss, Simultaneous determination of diclofenac and oxybuprocaine in human aqueous humor with HPLC and electrochemical detection, J Pharmaceut Biomed. 17(8), 1998, 1351–1356.
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[8]. B.X Mayer, K. Namiranian, P. Dehghanyar, R. Stroh, H. Mascher, M. Müller, Comparison of UV and tandem mass spectrometric detection for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diclofenac in microdialysis samples, J Pharmaceut Biomed. Vol 33(4), 2003, 745-754.
[9]. S. Ma, M. M. Zhu, Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites, Chem-Biol Interact. Vol 179(1), 2009, 25-37.
[10]. V.Sánchez, P.Carreño, M.Castelletto, Liberación y permeación de diclofenaco sódico desde matrices hidrofílicas. Acta Farm. Bonaerense. 20(2), 2001, 101- 104.

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Abstract

Docking of the few fluroaniline isatin derivatives were done. Various substituted 3-(4-
fluorophenylimino) indolin-2-one and 5-chloro-3-(4-fluorophenylimino) indolin-2-one derivatives [II a-h]
were synthesized. All of these compounds were screen for antimicrobial as well as beta lactamase activity.
And it was observe that docking result as well as antimicrobial and beta lactamase shown good activity for 5-
chloro-3-(4-fluorophenylimino)-1-(morpholinomethyl)indolin-2-one[II h].

Keywords––3- (4-fluorophenylimino) indolin-2-one, beta lactamase inhibitors.

[1]. Manual of VLife Sciences docking software.
[2]. WWW.vlifesciences.com
[3]. N. Surendra , S. Pandeya, D. Sriram, G. Nathb and De Clercq E., Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-HIV activities of norfloxacin Mannich bases, European. Journal of Medicinal. Chemistry, 35, 249−255, 2000.
[4]. S.N. Pandeya, D. Sriram, G. Nath and De Clercq E., Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-HIV evaluation of Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin derivatives with 3-amino-2-methylmercaptoquinazolin-4-3H/-one, Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 74, 11–17, 1999.
[5]. R.P. Gupta, N.L. Narayana, Synthesis of some Mannich bases of l-cyclohexylidene-N(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)thiosemicarbazones and their antibacterial activity, Pharmaceutics Acta Helvetiae, 72, 43-45, 1997.
[6]. S.K. Sridhar, S. Muniyandy and A. Ramesh, Synthesis and antibacterial screening of hydrazones, Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin derivatives, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 36, 615-625, 2001.
[7]. V.Aanandhi, S George and V.Vaidhyalingam, Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 1-(5-substituted-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-4-(substituted pyridin-2-yl)thiosemicarbazide, ARKIVOC,(xi), 187-194, 2008.
[8]. V. Ravichandran, S. Mohan and K.Suresh Kumar, Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of Mannich bases of isatin and its derivatives with 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid, ARKIVOC, (xiv), 51-57, 2007.
[9]. D. Sriram, P. Yogeeswari and G. Gopal, Synthesis, anti-HIV and antitubercular activities of lamivudine prodrugs, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 40, 1373-1376, 2005.
[10]. S. N Pandeya, D.Sriram, G. Nath and De Clerco E., Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anti-HIV Activity of Schiff and Mannich Bases of Isatin with N-[6-chlorobenzothiazol-2-thiosemicarbazide, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 61 (6), 358-361, 1999.

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Abstract

This study describes the formulation of Atorvastatin (ATRS) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles by hot homogenization fallowed by ultrasonication technique, and optimization of formulation and process parameters to formulate preferred SLN dispersions. The effects of composition of lipid materials, surfactant mixture and sonication time on particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release behavior were investigated The mean particles size, PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation (A5) was found to be 50.0± 6.12 nm, 0.08±0.011,10.40± 4.68mV, 88.7± 6.08 % respectively. To characterize the state of drug and lipid modification in ATRS loaded solidlipid nanoparticles, differential scanning calorimetry analysis was performed. Shape and surface morphology was determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which revealed fairly spherical shape of nanoparticles. The in-vitro drug release study demonstrated that ATRS-SLN formulation (A5) possessed controlled drug release over a period of 24 hrs than dispersion of pure drug. Stability studies performed on the selected formulations revealed that there was no physical instability of the developed formulation for a period of 3 months at room and refrigerated temperatures.
Keywords––Solid lipid nanoparticles, Atorvastatin, Ultrasonication and Entrapment Efficiency

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Abstract

Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. The uniqueness of Ramadan is that food and fluid intake is concentrated into the hours between sunset and the following sunrise. Many participants of Ramadan maintain physical activity during Ramadan. However, the effect of practicing physical activity during Ramadan on body composition, hematological and biochemical parameters is not well known. This review summarizes the health specific effects of Ramadan fasting in practitioners of physical activity and provides some practical recommendations supported by the evidence-based scientific literature.
Keywords––Ramadan fasting, dietary intake, physical activity, body composition, renal function, electrolytes, dehydration, immune system, inflammatory markers.

[1]. Abedelmalek, S., Souissi, N., Takayuki, A., Hadouk, S., & Tabka, Z. (2011). Effect of acute maximal exercise on circulating levels of interleukin-12 during Ramadan fasting. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3, 154-160.
[2]. Aloui, A., Chaouachi, A., Chtourou, H., Wong, D.P., Haddad, M., Chamari, K., & Souissi, N. (2012a). Effects of Ramadan on the Diurnal Variations of Repeated Sprints Performances. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (In press).
[3]. Aloui, A., Chtourou, H., Masmoudi, L., Chaouachi, A., Chamari, K., & Souissi, N. (2012b). Effects of Ramadan fasting on male judokas' performances in specific and non-specific judo tasks. Biological Rhythm Research (In press).
[4]. Aziz, A.R., Slater, G.J., Hwa Chia, M.Y., & The K.C. (2011). Effects of Ramadan fasting on training induced adaptations to a seven-week high-intensity interval exercise programme. Science & Sport, 27, 31-38.
[5]. Aziz, A.R., Wahid, M.F., Png, W., & Jesuvadian, C.V. (2010). Effects of Ramadan fasting on 60 min of endurance running performance in moderately trained men. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44,516–521.37
[6]. Aziz, A.R., & Weilleen. (2008). Practical tips to exercise training during fasting month. ISN Bulletin, 1, 13-19.
[7]. Bouhlel, E., Denguezli, M., Zaouali, M., Tabka, Z., & Shephard, R.J. (2008). Ramadan fastings effect on plasma leptin, adiponectin concentrations, and body composition in trained young men. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 18, 617–627.
[8]. Bouhlel, E., Salhi, Z., Bouhlel, H., Mdella, S., Amamou, A., Zaouali, M., . . . Shephard, R.J. (2006). Effect of Ramadan fasting on fuel oxidation during exercise in trained male rugby players. Diabetes & Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 32, 617–624.
[9]. Brisswalter, J., Bouhlel, E., Falola, J.M., Abbiss, C.R.,Vallier, J.M., & Hauswirth, C. (2011). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on middle-distance running performance in well-trained runners. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 21, 422–427.
[10]. Broad, E.M; & Cox, G.R. (2008). What is the optimal composition of an athlete's diet?. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 57-65.

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Abstract

The effect of Ramadan fasting on renal function markers, serum electrolytes and cardiovascular parameters at basal conditions and after a simulation of a rugby sevens match was studied in twelve recreational rugby sevens players. Three matches were played: one day before Ramadan (before Ramadan), at the end of the first week of Ramadan (Beg-R) and at the end of Ramadan (End-R). Before and immediately after each match, subjects provided a fasting blood sample for the measurement of hematological parameters and serum biochemistry. In addition, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) were measured. At rest, players experienced an increase in the following parameters from before Ramadan to End-R: urea (+9.9%, p<0.001), uric acid (+15.2%, p<0.001), creatinine (+22.4%, p<0.001), sodium (+2.9%, p<0.001), and chloride (+2%, p<0.001). Following the competition, players experienced an increase in the following parameters from before Ramadan to End-R: urea (+8.7%, p<0.05), uric acid (+15.2%, p<0.001), creatinine (+17.1%, p<0.001), sodium (+3.2%, p<0.001) and chloride (+2.9%, p<0.001). Post match values of SAP were significantly higher at End-R compared to the control period (p<0.05).The percentage of change of all biochemical and cardiovascular parameters in response to matches remained unchanged over the whole period of the investigation. We conclude that at basal conditions, the state of dehydration induced by Ramadan fasting was implicated in the increase of renal function markers values and serum electrolytes. Also, rugby sevens match played during Ramadan did not exacerbate the magnitude of responses to matches of biochemical and cardiovascular parameters.
Keywords––dehydration; intermittent exercise; Islamic fasting; renal function; rugby sevens; serum electrolytes.

[1]. Aloui, A., Chaouachi, A., Chtourou, H., Wong, D.P., Haddad, M., Chamari, K., & Souissi, N. (2012a). Effects of Ramadan on the Diurnal Variations of Repeated Sprints Performances. Int J Sports Physiol Perf (In press).
[2]. Aloui, A., Chtourou, H., Masmoudi, L., Chaouachi, A., Chamari, K., & Souissi, N. (2012b). Effects of Ramadan fasting on male judokas' performances in specific and non-specific judo tasks. Biol Rhythm Res (In press).
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[5]. Aziz AR, Wahid MF, Png W, Jesuvadian CV (2010).Effects of Ramadan fasting on 60 min of endurance running performance in moderately trained men.Br J Sports Med 44:516–21.
[6]. Banfi G (2010). Serum creatinine concentrations in athletes: are they normal?. Brazil J Biomot 4: 157–64.
[7]. Bigard AX, Boussif M, Chalabi H, Guezennec CY (1998).Alterations in muscular performance and orthostatic tolerance during Ramadan. Aviat Space Environ Med 69: 341–6.
[8]. Bouhlel E, Salhi Z, Bouhlel H, Mdella S, Amamou A, Zaouali M, Mercier J, Bigard X, Tabka Z, Zbidi A, Shephard RJ (2006). Effect of Ramadan fasting on fuel oxidation during exercise in trained male rugby players. Diab Metab 32: 617–24.
[9]. BouhlelE, ZaoualiM, MiledA, TabkaZ, Bigard X, ShephardR (2008).Ramadan fasting and the GH/IGF-1 Axis of trained men during Submaximal exercise. Ann Nutr Metab 52:261–6.
[10]. Chaouachi A, Chamari K, RokyR , Wong P, Mbazaa A, Bartagi Z (2008). Lipid profiles of judo athletes during Ramadan. Int J Sports Med 29: 282–8.

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Abstract

Introduction Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications and autonomic dysfunction. The current study focuses on the QT interval and QT/RR regression models on Diabetic patients, which will help in identifying the patients who are likely to develop cardiac arrhythmias and autonomic neuropathy. Material and Methods This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, MMCH&RI. Sixty subjects were included in this study after obtaining permission from the Institutional Human Ethical Committee. The study group consisted of 66% of males and 34% of females who were in the age group of 30 to 65 years. ECG was recorded in DM as well as in normal subjects. The QT and RR intervals were measured in Lead II. The observed QT interval was corrected for heart rate according to Bazettt's formula. The Subjects were studied using linear QT/RR regression models to assess cardiovascular abnormalities. The autonomic function tests (AFT) were studied on the patients which included heart rate variability during deep breathing, Valsalva ratio & blood pressure response to hand grip etc., Results The results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software with non-parametric Chi square test and the significance level was fixed at P< 0.05. There was a significant difference in QTc of DM (0.446 ± 0.03 in ms) when compared with normal subjects (0.412 ± 0.012 in ms). When the duration of diabetes was taken into account, the QTc (ms) deviations as obtained by the QT/RR linear regression models differed significantly (R2 = 0.009) for diabetes when compared with normal subjects. Abnormal responses on individual AFT revealed that HRV during deep breathing & Valsalva ratio (0.99 ± 0.08 and 1.07± 0.09 respectively) were more significant whereas 30: 15 ratio and handgrip test were less significant. SBP response to standing was shown to be significant (147 ± 10 in mmHg) whereas DBP (86 ± 10 in mmHg) did not show any difference. Conclusion In conclusion, the analysis of QT intervals and its deviations attained by the linear regression model, differed significantly for Diabetes with longer duration. If it is further validated with the other regression model, it could be used to predict the increasing risk factor of Cardio autonomic neuropathy.
Keywords––QT interval, QT/RR ratio, QT interval correction and variability, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular complications.

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[4]. Eric a. Whitsel et.,al., Electrocardiographic QT Interval Prolongation and Risk of Primary Cardiac Arrest in Diabetic Patients, Int. J. Diab. Dev. Countries (2005), vol. 25
[5]. Ewing DJ, Boland O, Neilson JM, Cho CG, Clarke BF: Autonomic neuropathy, QT interval lengthening, and unexpected deaths in male diabetic patients.Diabetologia 34:182–185, 1991
[6]. Familoni O. B., Odusan O and Raimi T. H., "The relationship between QT intervals and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Nigerian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus", Nigerian Medical Prationer, 2008, Vol. 53.
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[9]. Kristi Veski, Deniss Karai, Kristjan Pilt, Kalju Meigas and Jüri Kaik, "Application of novel QT interval correction and QT/RR assessment models to ECG 24-hour recordings in cardiac patients", Estonian Journal of Engineering, 2010, 16, 1, 107–120.
[10]. Naas AAO, Davidson NC, Thompson C, et al. QT and QTc dispersion are accurate predictors of cardiac death in newly diagnosed non-insulin dependant diabetes: cohort study BMJ 1998:316:745 – 6.

Abstract

Multiple immunomodulatory effects have been described for statins. We sought to assess their effects on components of the immune response in mice in addition to examining their effects in human transplant recipients. Multiple groups of BALB/c mice were challenged with egg albumin and treated with various regimen of atorvastatin. Serum and spleen samples were then collected. Mice sera were analyzed for anti-egg albumin levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while splenocytes were assessed for IL-4 and IFN-γ expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Atorvastatin treatment markedly decreased anti-egg albumin antibody, IL-4 and IFN-γ production particularly in a group of mice receiving atorvastatin for 5 days post-challenge. To examine the effect of statins on graft longevity in kidney allograft recipients, 111 patients were monitored for graft rejection or loss within a period of 3 years post-transplantation. Fifteen of 90 (16.66%) of patients who were not on a statin had a rejection episode or lost the graft while 1 of 21 (4.76%) patients on a statin had a rejection episode. Therefore, statins appear to have suppressive effects on various components of the immune response. They also seem to decrease the risk of graft rejection or loss in transplant recipients.

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Abstract

The basin of the Corumbataí despite their considerable state of preservation, as regards quantity and quality of water, deserves special attention since provide 100% of supply in the city of Piracicaba, SP and other municipalities. Furthermore, in these cities it's expressive the intensive use of land for sugar cane cultivation, where it is used, among other inputs, the pesticide fipronil. Despite the great importance of the basin for the region, there are few studies that demonstrate the impact of agriculture and intensive use of pesticides in water quality. Thus this study has as objective of the environmental monitoring in the basin of the Corumbataí, determining the occurrence of residues of the pesticides fipronil and a group of organochlorines (OCPs), which are: alachlor, chlordane, endosulfan, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, lindane, metolachlor and methoxychlor in waters from differents collection points, and validate the methodology for extraction and analysis by gas chromatography (GC-MS). The samples analyzed (40) presented levels of OCPs and fipronil lower than allowed by Brazilian legislation.
Keywords––Corumbataí river basin, fipronil, GC-MS, organochlorines, pesticides

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