Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of Oxidative Markers, Apoptosis and Reproductive Efficiency in Heroin Addicted Rats
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Goran Qader Othman
Page No.	::	01-07
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-031001-07
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/031010107

Background and Objective: Heroin abuse and addiction represent one of the major problems globally. The objective of this study is to evaluate the oxidative stress enzyme markers, apoptosis, sperm quality and testosterone of heroin administered rats via intraperitoneal injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male rats were randomly allocated into three groups. Frst group regarded as control, while in group2 and 3, the animals were daily injected intraperitoneally with (1 and 5 mg Heroin/kg b.w.) for seven successive days. Enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Xanthine Oxidase (XO), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were analyzed, and concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and testosterone hormone assayed, besides determining the percent count of hepatocyte apoptosis and sperm head abnormalities.

RESULTS: The activity of XO, G6PDH and LDH significantly changed, whereas ALP not affected. The lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) significantly elevated in high dose treatment. The mean percent of apoptotic hepatocytes count reported a clear increase in concentration dependent manner. Also heroin showed significant impact on testosterone level, and sperm head abnormalities counting as well.

CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that intraperitoneal injection of heroin cause alteration in oxidation processes, reproductive efficiency and apoptosis mostly in concentration dependent manner.

 

KEYWORDS: Heroin - Oxidative stress – Testosterone – Sperm – Apoptosis - Rats

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AIM: Studying the antibacterial properties of the medicamental composition for temporary placement into root canals during treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibacterial properties of medicamental composition for temporary placement into root canals were determined by the degree of stunting test strains of microorganisms using the agar diffusion method.
RESULTS: medicamental composition for temporary placement into root canals possesses varying degrees of severity antibacterial properties on test strains of microflora.
Conclusions: medicamental composition for temporary placement into root canals suppresses the test strains of microflora reliably, and can be recommended for clinical treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.

KEY WORDS: medicamental composition for temporary placement into root canals, antibacterial action, test strains of microorganisms

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The Golden Mahseer (Tor Putitora) forms an important fishery resource in coldwater areas of Himalaya, India. The study covers reproductive factors of T. putitora from Anji Mahseer Hatchery Reasi, Jammu & Kashmir. Fecundity and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of T. putitora was calculated monthly for a period of six months from March' 2011 to August' 2011. The observations related to fecundity and GSI are based on six female specimens of T. putitora ranging from 260mm to 550mm in total fish length and weight ranging between 280 grams to 800 grams. The mean value of fecundity was estimated as 5566 eggs for a fish with a mean total body length of 395mm and mean body weight of 455gms. The value of GSI was found to increase from March onwards reaching a peak in June, July and August. The peak was maintained in June, July and august, the highest value for GSI was calculated as 10.812 in the month of August.

 

KEYWORDS: Golden mahseer, Fecundity, Gonadosomatic Index, Anji Mahseer Hatchery Reasi, Jammu and Kashmir.

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Andrographis paniculata is (AP) a medicinal plant that has been effectively used in traditional Asian medicines for centuries. Its major constituents are diterpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. The efficiency of Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract was studied on atrazine induced renotoxicity in male wistar albino rats. All the oxidative and antioxidative enzymes, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione were estimated by standard protocols. Ethanolic extract of AP (150mg/kg bw) was found to protect the rats from renotoxic action of atrazine as evidence by decreased in the level of lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney. In addition the ethanolic extract prevented the toxicity of kidney from atrazine exposure. The antioxidant activity of AP suggests it as potential antioxidant against atrazine induced oxidative stress.

 

KEY WORDS: Renotoxicity, wistar albino rats, antioxidant enzymes, Atrazine, Andrographis paniculata (AP).

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Prolonged exposure to stress results in neuronal loss, which is associated with depletion of Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat brain. Resveratrol, an antioxidant is known to exert neuroprotective effect in both human and animal models. Vitamin C to has important anti-oxidant properties, and protects cells against oxidative stress. In the present study we have evaluated the effect of resveratrol and vitamin C on BDNF expression in stressed rat brain homogenate. Rats were treated with 10 or 20mg/kg dose of resveratrol and 100 or 200mg/kg dose of vitamin C for a period of 28 days, beginning one week prior to stress treatment (restraint stress for 6 hours daily for 21 days). Rats were sacrificed after stress treatment and the whole brain BDNF level was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Our study confirms the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol by enhancing BDNF level in stressed rat. Though vitamin C has enhanced the BDNF expression in stressed rats interestingly it has an adverse effect when treated alone.

 

Key words: BDNF, Restraint stress, Resveratrol, Vitamin C

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Dacryocystitis is a common ailment encountered in ophthalmology practice and we had tried to find mean and measure to combat this malady with best possible measure.

 

Material and Method :- This study was conducted in 131 eyes of 100 cases of chromic dacryocystitis attending the ophthalmology out patient department of NSCB Medical College and Hospital Jabalpur during the year 2008-2013. Every patient was subjected to fluorescein dye disappearance test, primary and secondary Jones test followed by syringing. There after dacryocystrography was performed by injecting a radiographic contrast material under local anesthesia.

 

Observation :- There were 76 female and 24 male, there was almost equal distribution of cases as far as right eye and left eye was concerned, 37% in right eye and 32% in left eye and 31% patient had bilateral involvement. Presenting complaints in patient were epiphora 46 %, epiphora with swelling 18% epiphora with discharge 21% epophora and discharge with swelling in 15% Chronic danyocytitis without swelling was present in 62.59%, mucocele in 19.08% pyocele in 12.21% fistula was present in 6.01%.

 

Result – During this study on syringing 22.90% showed regurgitation from same punctum and 77.10% showed regurgitation from upper punctum. On dacryocystography complete block was present in 78.8% and partial block was present in 21.2%, common canaliculi junction was blocked in 16.79%, valve of Krause was blocked in 60.30%, valve of hasner was blocked in 22.90%, Normal sac was present in 12.21%, enlarged sac was present in 74.80% fibrosed sac was present in 12.97%.

 

Conclusion :-Dacryoystography is a safe modality in localising the site of block and meticulously planning out the treatment.

 

INDEX TERMS:-dacryocystitis, epiphora, ethiodol.

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The main objective of the present study is to formulate an extended release formulation of clopidogrel bisulphate into mini-tablets coated with a combination of pH dependent polymer, pH independent polymer and pore former. Clopidogrel is extensively absorbed and 50% of drug is eliminated in urine in unchanged form. To improve the bioavailability of clopidogrel, the extended release formulation was formulated with an in-situ solubility enhancer, and barrier coated with moisture protective layer. The barrier coated mini-tablets are coated with the combination of pH dependant polymer (Hypromellose phthalate HP 50), pH independent polymer (Ethyl cellulose 7cps) and pore former (Hypromellose 5cps) at different ratio, with a weight build up of 10%w/w. In-vitro dissolution was studied in pH 1.2 HCl for 1 hour, followed by pH 6.5 phosphate buffer for 11 hrs, using USP dissolution test apparatus 1 at 100 RPM. The formulation (F37), coated with the ratio of 60:25:15 (Ethocel 7cps: Hypromellose phthalate 50: Hypromellose 5cps), shown the better release of 32% in acid for 1hr, to achieve the loading dose, and the extent of 100% release at 12hr, in pH 6.5 phosphate buffer. Zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer peppas models were used to estimate the kinetics of drug release. Drug release kinetics indicated that the drug release was best explained by Higuchi's equation, as these plots showed the highest linearity (R2 = 0.9902) indicating the release of drug from matrix as a square root of time dependent process.

 

KEYWORDS: Dissolution, Clopidogrel, extended release mini-tablets, kinetic modeling.

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Background and Objective: Epidemiological studies have established a link between serum ferritin concentration and type 2 diabetes. This work was carried out to ascertain the effect of therapeutic regimen on the earlier established links.

 

Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects comprising 130 type 2 diabetics and 70 apparently healthy controls were involved in the survey. Anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Serum levels of ferritin, lipids and biochemical indicators of complications of type 2 DM were determined. Results were analysed statistically by ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.

 

Results: Serum ferritin, showed a positive correlation with FPG, BP, TC, triglyceride, and TC/HDL ratio among diabetic subjects. With subjects classified based on the antidiabetic therapy, the mean serum ferritin level of the subjects on a combination therapy of drug and diet was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the level in those on either drug or diet alone. Serum ferritin level showed a positive correlation with TC and TC/HDL ratio, in diabetics on drug alone and with PFG, TC, and TG levels in subjects on diet alone but with none in subjects on a combined therapy.

 

Conclusion: This finding suggests the need to take into due consideration type of diabetic medication when interpreting relationship between iron stores and diabetic risk.

 

KEY WORDS: diabetes risk factors, diet, combination therapy, ferritin, type 2 diabetes

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