Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Volatile Constituents, Antioxidant and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Thaumatococcus Danielli (Benn.) Benth. From Nigeria
Country	::	South Africa
Authors	::	Anthony B. Ojekale || Oladipupo A. Lawal || Adeola A. Segun || Folorunso O. Samuel || Azeez I. Ismaila || Andy R. Opoku
Page No.	::	01-05
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-331015
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/03310105

The volatile constituents from the leaf oil of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benn.) Benth. growing in Nigeria was studied by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-one constituents were characterized representing 95.8% of the total oil. The major components of the oil were octadecamethyl cyclononasiloxane (48.3%), phytol (12.9%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (9.3%). The antioxidant activity of the oil (10–50 mg/mL) was evaluated by measurement of 1,1-diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, metal chelating and nitric oxide radical methods. The essential oil showed no metal chelating activity, but, displayed significant antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 16.32 and 24.68 mg/mL, respectively, compared to synthetic antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol with (IC50 ≤ 17.96 mg/ mL). The insecticidal activity was assayed against Sitophilus zeamais and the result showed LC50 value of 345.2 mg/mL after 72 H.
Keywords: Thaumatococcus danielli, Marantaceae, essential oil, antioxidant, insecticidal,.

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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Some Nigerian Traditional Food Milling Techniques and Cookware Increase Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals in Lycopersicon Esculentum and Citrullus Lanatus
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Anthony,B.Ojekale || Chioma. G.Chukwu || Oladipupo.O.Lawal.|| Titilola.S.Osinaike
Page No.	::	6-13
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-3310613
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/033106013

The heavy metal contamination of Lycopersicon esculentum and Citrullus lanatus by different milling techniques and cookwares are reported in this study. Heavy metal analysis of iron, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and aluminium were carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer [AAS]. Results show that of all the milling processes used in this study; the locally fabricated milling machine added the highest concentration of Fe to food. This value of 11.625 mg/kg is below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for iron, but after cooking with the locally made iron pot, earthenware pot and stainless steel pot, the concentration of iron contamination in the sample increased from 11.625 mg/kg to 21.445 mg/kg, 18.375 mg/kg and 13.775 mg/kg respectively indicating that the locally made iron pot added a significant concentration of iron to foods cooked in it higher than the RDA, and posing a risk of iron over load to man. The values of Cu, Cd and Zn contamination in analyzed samples are within recommended dietary allowance. Lead was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Aluminium was observed only in samples cooked with locally fabricated iron pot. The values range from 0.4 mg/kg – 1.63 mg/kg, suggesting a risk of Al toxicity, as the upper range exceeds the WHO limit of 1mg/kg.
Keywords: Milling, cookware, heavy metals, Lycopersicon esculentum and Citrullus lanatus

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[4] Elekofehinti O. O, Omotuyi I. O,Olaremu A. G and Abayomi T. G (2012).Heavy metals distribution and lipid profile in the stomach of cow grazed in Akungba-Akoko,Ondo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 6(11):146-149
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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Dental Role in Forensic Medicine
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr.Aruna Kanaparthy ||Dr.Rosaiah Kanaparthy
Page No.	::	14-17
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-33101417
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/033114017

...........................................

[1] Sylvie Louise Avon, DMD, MSc Forensic Odontology:The Roles and Responsibilities of the Dentist J Can Dent Assoc 2004; 70(7):453–8
[2] R.David .Senn, G.Paul .Stimson,Forensic Dentistry,Second Edition,5th chapter,D.Kimberley Molina forensic medicine and human identification p-61-63.
[3] A. Pretty, and D. Sweet, A look at forensic dentistry —Part 1: The role of teeth in the determination of human identity British Dental Journal, volume 190, NO. 7, APRIL 14 2001 359–366
[4] Pisha Pittayapat, Reinhilde Jacobs, Eddy De Valck, Dirk Vandermeulen, Guy Willems forensic odontology in the disaster victim identification process JFOS. July 2012, Vol.30, No.1 Pag 1-12
[5] 5.J. Augustine, S.R. Barpande, J.V. Tupkari, cheiloscopy as an adjunct to forensic identification: a study of 600 individuals J Forensic Odontostomatol 2008;27:2:44-52)
[6] A.Corte-Real, M.J.Anjos, D.N. Vieira, J.J. Gamero, The Tooth for Molecular Analysis and Identification :a Forensic Approach JFOS. July 2012, Vol.30, No.1 p 22-28
[7] BR Rothwell, Bite marks in forensic dentistry: a review of legal, scientific issues JADA 1995;126;223-232
[8] S.A.Shinde , M.K, Malve , Chauhan Prabha, and M.V, Garad , Nanotechnology and Forensic Science Nanotechnology and Nanoscience, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2010 PP-19-21
[9] 9.A.B,Fan Yang A. Reinhilde Jacobs Guy Willems Dental age estimation through volume matching of teeth imaged by cone-beam CT, Forensic Science International 159S (2006) S78–S83
[10] 10 .Guy Williams A review of the most commonly used dental age estimation techniques,J Forensic Odontostomatol 2001,19,9-17
[11] 11.P E M Dias,a* T L Beaini,a R F H Melani Age estimation from dental cementum incremental lines and periodontal disease J Forensic Odontostomatol 2010;28:1:13-21
[12] 12.G.G. Stott, R.F. Sis and B.M. Levy Cemental Annulation as an Age Criterion in Forensic Dentistry J DENT RES 1982 61 :814-817
[13] 13.L. Lima,a Y. da Costa,b R. Tinoco,a P. Rabello,b E. Daruge Junior.a Stature estimation by carrea's index and its reliability in different types of dental alignment J Forensic Odontostomatol 2011;29:1:7-13

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Health Information Availability and Utilization by Medical Practitioners for Chronic Disease Management in Central Hospitals, Warri-Delta State
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Rev. Dr Obiora Nwosu (PhD)-CLN || Dr. Esoswo Francisca Ogbomo (PhD) ||Dr E.S Anaehobi (PhD)
Page No.	::	18-23
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-33101823
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331018023

In developing countries like Nigeria, large proportions of the population have limited access to health information and health care facilities. Thus there is the fear that health professionals and patients may not be aware of the availability of health information in developing countries like Nigeria, large proportions of the population have limited access to health information and health care facilities. Thus there is the fear that health professionals and patients may not be aware of the availability of health information as well as their utilization with regards to the management of chronic diseases. The research design that was utilized for this study is the survey design type of descriptive research. The research instrument that was used to collect data for the study is questionnaire. The following findings were derived from this study: Majority of the health professionals affirmed that there is health information policy that they are expected to adhere to and also they agreed that they offered health information and education to all categories of patients, on the nature of health information. This notwithstanding, there are general lack of awareness on the need for health information to the public for the prevention and management of chronic diseases in Delta State, Nigeria.
Keywords:Chronic disease management; Medical Practitioners; Health Information availability and utilization; Hospitals.

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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Seasonal Limnological Variation in Tale Pimpalgaon dam near Patoda Dist.Beed (M.S)India
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Pramod P Gaike || A.H.Kamble
Page No.	::	24-25
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-33102425
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331024025

Abstract: The Tale Pimpalgaon is situated near Patoda. The study of physico chemical parameters 14 parameters like temperature, pH,calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, Sulphate, dissolve oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate, has been studied in the period of Jan 2012 to Jan 2013.The study shows that seasonal variation in the physico-chemical parameters.

Key words: Physico–chemical parameters, Tale Pimalgaon Dam, Nitrate,Phosphate

 

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[2] A. Kaushik and C. P. Kaushik Perspective in Environmental Studies, New Age International Publishers. Second Edition. P. 14, 15 (2006).
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[4] V. P Kudesia,. Water Pollution Pragati Prakashan. Meerut (1985).
[5] APHA (American Public Health Association 17th Edition) (1989).
[6] D.B. Botkin, and Keller, Water Pollution and Treament, John Wiley and Sons, Inc New York-Chichester, E.A. Brisbane, Tronto Singapore,. In Environmental Science Earth as a living planet p.398, 420(1995).
[7] R.K Trivedy,. and P.K Goel, Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies. Environmental publication, Karad, India (1984).
[8] WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Vol.2. Health Criteria and other supporting information. Genava. Mecmillan/Eeuteric-8000 (1984).

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Etiological Spectrum of Obstructive Jaundice & Role of Ercp In Thi-Qar Governorate
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Dr. Ali Nayyef Assi || Dr. Alaa Jamel Hassan || Dr. Kamal Naeem Ali
Page No.	::	26-30
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033102630
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/033102630

Abstract: Obstructive jaundice (o.j) is common surgical problem that occurs when there is an obstruction to the passage of conjugated bilirubin from liver cells to intestine & one of challenging conditions managed by general surgeons and contribute significantly to high morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out in Al-Hussein teaching hospital ,Al-Nissyiria city through 2 years period from December 2010 to November 2012 on 215 patients to assess the incidence of obstructive jaundice , its prevalence according to the causes, ,age, sex, places of patients, the curative rate of ercp management & its complication in our city,104 (48.3%) were males and 111(51.6%) were females, the age ranged from 23 to 80 years, 132 cases (61.3%) from Thiqar while 83 patients (38.6%) from other governorates. CBD stone or stones were the most common cause [163 patients (75.8%)] , 131 patients (80.3%) of them respond to ERCP treatment .

Key words: Obstructive jaundice ,ERCP

 

[1] davidson's prenciples and practice of medicine edited by Christopher Ha let liver disease page 689 at 1999.
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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Anxiolytics, Antidepressants and Autogenous training in the therapy of burning mouth syndrome
Country	::	Croatia
Authors	::	Josipa Sanja Gruden Pokupec || Lidija Gavić || Mladen Klemenčić ||Helena Matić
Page No.	::	31-43
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033103143
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/033103143

Abstract: It is well known that many diseases of our system can cause various pathological changes and symptoms. Psychical disorders are considered to be the main cause of changes in the oral cavity. The most frequent psychical disturbances associated with the symptoms are: depression, anxiety and stress.

Key words:anxiolytics, antidepressants, burning mouth symptoms and psychologycal tests

 

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[9.] Van der Ploeg, Van der Wall N, Eijkman MAJ, Van der Wall I. Psychological aspect in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol 1987;63:664-8.
[10.] Schoenberg B, Carr Ac, Kutscer AH, Zegarelli EV.Chronic idiopathic orolingual pain. Psychogenetics of burning mouth. NY State J Med1971; 71:1832-7.
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[12.] Rojo L, Silvestre FJ, Bagan JV, De Vicence T.Psychiatric mobility in burning mouth syndrome. Psychiatric interview versus depression and anxiety scales. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol 1993;75:308-11.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil and Tamoxifen on Mastectomy Breast Cancer Women
Country	::	Iraq
Authors	::	Firas K. Qasim ||,Fikry A. Qadir || Karim J. Karim
Page No.	::	44-51
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033104451
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331044051

Abstract: The present study was designed to study the effects of pomegranate and tamoxifen on breast cancer tumor marker (CA 15-3), aromatase enzyme, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in mastectomy women. The results indicates that tumor marker level was increased significantly in women without treatment while the tumor marker was significantly decreased in both pomegranate-tamoxifen combination and tamoxifen group, in addition, the level of aromatase and cholesterol was significantly decreased in pomegranate-tamoxifen combination group when compared with other two remaining groups. LDH level was significantly decreased in both tamoxifen and pomegranate-tamoxifen combination groups when compared with untreated group. However, the level of TG remains unchanged in all groups.

Key words: Pomegranate, tamoxifen, breast cancer, aromatase

 

[1] EM John, JL Hopper, JC Beck, JA Knight, SL Neuhausen, RT Senie, A Ziogas, LL Andrulis, H Anton-Culver, N Boyd, SS Buys, MB Daly, FP O'Malley, RM Santella, MC Southey, VL Venne, DJ Venter, DW West, AS Whittemore, and D Seminara. The Breast Cancer Family Registry, an infrastructure for cooperative multinational, interdisciplinary and translational studies of the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 6, 2004, 375-389
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[8] L S Adams, Y Zhang, N P Seeram, D Heber and S Chen. Pomegranate Ellagitannin-Derived Compounds Exhibit Antiproliferative and Anti-aromatase Activity in Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 3(1), 2010, 108-113
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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts of Azadirachta Indica Seed Oil for Hypoglycaemic Properties and Effects on Some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Mice
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	Muhammad Hl.|| Kabiru Ay.|| Makun Ha.||adefolalu Fs.|| Fasiku Ov.|| Abdullah As
Page No.	::	52-58
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033105258
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/0331052058

Abstract: Azadirachta indica commonly called Indian Lilac or Margosa is a folkloric medicinal plant that has been exploited over time for the management of several diseases. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the seed oil were investigated for hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with 300 mg/kg bodyweight of alloxan monohydrate intraperitionealy and mice with blood glucose concentration > 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. Diabetic mice in two groups were orally administered 200 mg/kg bodyweight of ethanol and methanolic extracts respectively for seven days. The blood glucose decreased in descending order during the course of treatment in a time – dependent manner. Serum activities of alanine aminotranseferase (20-100 u/L), aspartate aminotransferase (18-61 u/L), and alkaline phosphatase (42-140 u/l) increased significantly (p  0.05) compared to values for the control. The Serum levels of total bilirubin (9-30 mmol/L) and conjugated bilirubin (6.5-12mmol/L) of the treated mice also increased significantly (p> 0.05) when compared with the normoglycaemic mice. Total protein decreased significantly for both extract-treated groups while urea and creatinine levels were unaffected. Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica seed oil extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponnins, steroids, terpenes and tannins. The result of this study shows that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of A. indica possess hypoglyceamic properties but may be hepatotoxic.

Key words: Azadirachta indica, Diabetes, Normoglycaemic, Hypoglycaemic, Hepatotoxic

 

[1] World Health Organization (WHO) (2008). Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Surveillance. Definition, Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Pp 620.
[2] Yadav M., Vikram N.K., and Sharma D (2010). Complimentary and comparative study on hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic activity of various extracts of Eugenia jambolana seed, Gymmema sylvestre and Trigomella foenum graecum seeds in rats. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 160: (8) 238-400.
[3] .Sudha P., Remya R., Smita Z., Shobha B., and Ameet R. K (2011). Evaluation of traditional Indian antidiabetic medicinal plants for human pancreatic amylase inhibitory effect in vivo. American journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Vol 3: 173-175.
[4] Chee F., Savkin A.V., Fernando T.L., and Nahavan S (2005).Insulin injection control for glucose regulation in diabetic patients. Biomedical Engineering 52: 1625-1631.
[5] Lenzen S (2008). The mechanisms of alloxan and streptozotocin induced diabetes. Diabetologia : 216-226
[6] Samuel K., Kwasi B., Michael A., and Jerome D (2011). Toxicological analysis and effect neem tree extracts in an organism. European Journal of Experimental Biology 1(2): 160-171.
[7] Subapriya R., and Nagini S (2005). Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Current medical and chemical anticancer agents. 5: 149-156.
[8] Alimat, M., Sharma, D., and Ansari, B (2012). Effect of lamda-cyhalothrin and neem gold in the gill liver and ovary of zebra fish. Journal of veterinary pathology. 20: 19-25.
[9] Sofowora A (2006). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 150.
[10] Cowell M.D (2008). Focus on Diagnosis: Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics Review. 29 289-292
[11] Wilcox, M., and Chamberlain J (2004). Azadirachta indica in traditional medicinal plant of malria. Bora ratton CRC Press PP 99-121.
[12] Schmutterer, H (2002). The neem tree: Source of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 1–6.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Sensory Factors of Some Cassava Traditional Dishes: Foufou, Placali, Attiéké and Boiled
Country	::	Abrod
Authors	::	B.C. Ebah-Djedji || D.A Sahoré || B.N'Zué
Page No.	::	59-65
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033105965
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331059065

Abstract: Ivorian traditional dishes, Placali, Attiéké, Foufou and Boiled cassava were prepared from improved cassava varieties CM (52), I88/00158, IM84 and TMS4 (2) 1425 and control variety Bonoua 2 in "Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire". The sensory factors (color, smell, taste, degree of cooking) of these five cassava varieties are determined. And it appeared that the different cassava varieties studied were suitable for the preparation of these dishes

Key words: Attiéké, Boiled, Cassava, Foufou, Placali, Roots, Sensory factors, Traditional dishes

 

[1] FAO. Guide d'exportation pour les Plantes à Racines et Tubercules en Afrique de l'ouest et du centre. Centre Technique de Coopération Agricole et Rurale (CTA), Février 2010, 32

[2] N. G Amani.et A. Kamenan. Potentialités nutritionnelles et technologie traditionnelle de transformation Des Denrées Amylacées en Cote d'Ivoire. 2e Atelier International. Voies Alimentaires d'Amélioration des Situations Nutritionnelles en Afrique de l'Ouest : les rôles des technologies alimentaires et nutritionnistes. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2003

[3] D.A, Sahoré, G. J Nemlin. Effect of Technological Treatments on Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Composition, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 1 (1), 2010, 19-23

[4] FAO. Développement des systèmes agricoles: concepts, méthodes, application, Rome -Italy. 1989

[5] H. Ducroquet L'agriculture ivoirienne à la loupe (I). Le professionnel agricole (3), 2002, 10-12

[6] S. Trèche. Importance du manioc en alimentation humaine dans différentes régions du monde. In : Transformation Alimentaire du manioc, Aglor E, Brauman A, Griffon D, Trèche S (éditeurs), Orstom, Paris, 1995, 234-243

[7] N. A., Kouadio, K. Mosso. K. Kouakou, S. F Agbo. Etude Comparative des Méthodes Traditionnelles de la Préparation de l'Attiéké dans le sud de la Côte d'Ivoire. Cahiers de la recherche scientifique et technique. 108, 1991, 703-706.

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[12] F. Aboua. Simple Methods for Evaluating Attiéké Spoilage in Food Chemistry, Trop. Sci, 3(1), 1989, 313-317.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Anyigba and Lokoja, Kogi State – Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Musa, Sunday A. U.|| Prof. Banwat, Edmund B.|| Zhakom Ponfa || Rumji, Elisha M. || Yakubu, Rebecca K. || Rufai, Olalekan A
Page No.	::	66-70
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033106670
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331066070

Abstract:Human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) has cosmopolitan distribution and can be transmitted parenterally by transfusion of infected blood or blood products. HPV-B19 screening of blood and blood products for transfusion is not done routinely in Nigeria. Concerns on the safety of blood transfusion in Kogi State, Nigeria informed this research...

 

[1] Brooks, G. F., Carroll, K. C., Butel, J. S. and Morse, S. A. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology (Parvoviruses), 24th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-128735-7, ISBN-10: 0-07-128735-3: 768
[2] Cennimo, D. J. (2010). Parvovirus B19 Infection. Medscape Reference Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved on 19-06-2011. Updated on 19-03-2010.
[3] Cossart, Y. E., Field, A. M., Cant, B. and Widdows, D. (1975). Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Lancet i: 72-73.
[4] Emiasegen, S. E., Nimzing, L., Adoga, M. P., Ohagenyi, A. Y. and Lekan R. (2011). Parvovirus B19 antibodies and correlates of infection in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in central Nigeria. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106 (2): 227-231.
[5] Heegaard, E. D., Petersen, B. L., Heilmann, C. J. and Hornsleth A., (2002). Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 and Parvovirus V9 DNA and Antibodies in Paired Bone Marrow and Serum Samples from Healthy Individuals. Journal of Clinical Microbiol, 40(3): 933–936. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc. Retrieved on 12-09-2011.
[6] Jordan, J. (2001). Diagnosing Human parvovirus B19 Infection: Guidelines for Test Selection. In: Human Parvovirus B19 Literature Review, 2nd Edition. Published by Biotrin International Ltd, The Rise, Mout Merrion, Co. Dublin, 3-4
[7] Kaur, P. and Basu, S. (2005). Transfusion-transmitted infections: Existing and emerging pathogens; Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 51(2): 146-151.
[8] Kishore, J. and Kapoor, A. (2000). Erythrovirus B19 infection in humans. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 112: 149-164.
[9] Wildig, J., Cossart, Y., Peshu, N., Gicheru, N., Tuju, J., Williams, T. N. and Newton, C. R. (2010). Parvovirus B19 infection and severe anaemia in Kenyan children: a retrospective case control study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010. Available at http://creativecommons.org. Retrieved on 27-07-2010.
[10] Yoto, Y., Kudoh, T., Haseyama, K., Suzuki, N., Oda, T., Katoh, T. and Chiba, S. (2008). Incidence of Human Parvovirus B19 DNA Detection in Blood Donors. British Journal of Haematology, 91(4): 1017-1018. Available at www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Pharmacoepidemiological Study of Psychotropic Medication Use in Children with Developmental Disorders
Country	::	Abrod
Authors	::	Diana Gómez-Galicia || Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso || Miguel Sánchez-Alemán || Gabriela López-Aymes || Valadez-Sierra Dolores || Alfonso Castro || Jorge Reyes-Esparza
Page No.	::	71-80
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033107180
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331071080

Abstract:Mental and behavioural disorders are common in childhood and adolescence, but less than one-fifth of these children receive the necessary treatments. Psychotropic medications are recommended for the treatment of a variety childhood and adolescent mental disorders, and the use of such medications has recently increased in many countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of prescription psychotropic medication among children with developmental disorders and predictors for said use. A cross-sectional paediatric study based on a questionnaire that was answered by the children's parents and corroborated by clinical records was used. Type and frequency of psychotropic use, reasons for use, and the determining factors were the main measure. In total, 64% of children were receiving psychotropic medication; 40% of the drugs were prescribed in an off-label way, and 73% were meant to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The stimulant methylphenidate was the most commonly prescribed drug among both the diagnosed and un-diagnosed children (89.6% and 60%, respectively), followed by the non-stimulant atomoxetine. Age (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 12.3), diagnosis (OR 8.1, 95% CI 2.1 to 30.7) and the father being the head of the household (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 29.0) were determinants of psychotropic medication use. The most common psychotropic medication prescribed to children in developmental disorder care centres is the stimulant methylphenidate. These drugs are frequently prescribed in an off-label way to children despite a lack of evidence regarding medication efficacy and safety.

Keywords: Developmental disorders, children, psychotropic medication.

 

[1] Brooks, G. F., Carroll, K. C., Butel, J. S. and Morse, S. A. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology (Parvoviruses), 24th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-128735-7, ISBN-10: 0-07-128735-3: 768
[2] Cennimo, D. J. (2010). Parvovirus B19 Infection. Medscape Reference Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved on 19-06-2011. Updated on 19-03-2010.
[3] Cossart, Y. E., Field, A. M., Cant, B. and Widdows, D. (1975). Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Lancet i: 72-73.
[4] Emiasegen, S. E., Nimzing, L., Adoga, M. P., Ohagenyi, A. Y. and Lekan R. (2011). Parvovirus B19 antibodies and correlates of infection in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in central Nigeria. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106 (2): 227-231.
[5] Heegaard, E. D., Petersen, B. L., Heilmann, C. J. and Hornsleth A., (2002). Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 and Parvovirus V9 DNA and Antibodies in Paired Bone Marrow and Serum Samples from Healthy Individuals. Journal of Clinical Microbiol, 40(3): 933–936. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc. Retrieved on 12-09-2011.
[6] Jordan, J. (2001). Diagnosing Human parvovirus B19 Infection: Guidelines for Test Selection. In: Human Parvovirus B19 Literature Review, 2nd Edition. Published by Biotrin International Ltd, The Rise, Mout Merrion, Co. Dublin, 3-4
[7] Kaur, P. and Basu, S. (2005). Transfusion-transmitted infections: Existing and emerging pathogens; Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 51(2): 146-151.
[8] Kishore, J. and Kapoor, A. (2000). Erythrovirus B19 infection in humans. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 112: 149-164.
[9] Wildig, J., Cossart, Y., Peshu, N., Gicheru, N., Tuju, J., Williams, T. N. and Newton, C. R. (2010). Parvovirus B19 infection and severe anaemia in Kenyan children: a retrospective case control study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010. Available at http://creativecommons.org. Retrieved on 27-07-2010.
[10] Yoto, Y., Kudoh, T., Haseyama, K., Suzuki, N., Oda, T., Katoh, T. and Chiba, S. (2008). Incidence of Human Parvovirus B19 DNA Detection in Blood Donors. British Journal of Haematology, 91(4): 1017-1018. Available at www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	DPP 4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors: beyond glycemic control
Country	::	Abrod
Authors	::	Sunil kumar gothwal || Surendra khosya
Page No.	::	81-85
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-033108185
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0331081085

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin release from β-cell of pancreas and insulin resistance. Different classes of hypoglycemic drugs are available with different mechanism of action with nearly equipotent efficacy. GLP-1(glucagon like peptide-1) analogue and DPP 4 inhibitors are new developed molecules for the management of diabetes. They act via glucose dependent insulin release from β-cells as physiological manner. Here in this review we will discuss about the adventitous systemic effects of incretins and DPP 4 inhibitors beyond glycemic control.

Keywords: DPP 4 inhibitors; GLP 1 analogues; incretins

 

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