Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: experience in a rural turtiary care hospital
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ganesh Chandra Gayen || Kanika Mandi Chowdhury || Ritam Ray
Page No.	::	01-04
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0341014
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/034001004

Objective: To study the outcome of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in our hospital.Methods: Design: Prospective Study Setting: Tertiary rural government teaching hospital Participants: 40 patients with chronic dacryocyctitis with nasolacrymal duct obstruction over a period of 2 years from January, 2010 to December, 2012 who attended in ENT outpatient department of Burdwan Medical College & Hospital were included in this study. Results: Females are more affected than male. After 6 months, 5 patients (12.5%) presented with complete stenosis, 3 patients (7.5%) presented with partial stenosis of stoma and in 32 patients (80%) sac stoma was completely patent. Complications include bleeding, postoperative cellulitis of the lower eye lid, granulation tissue around the stoma, synechia inside nasal cavity and stenosis of the stoma etc. Conclusion: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is the preferred treatment in Chronic dacryosystitis with nasolacrymal duct obstruction. There are so many advantages of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy over the external dacryocystorhinostomy. Regular follow-up is necessary in the post operative period.
Keywords: Chronic dacryocystitis; endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; external dacryocystorhinostomy

[1] Toti A (1904) Nuovo methodo conservatore di cura radicale delle suppurazioni croniche del sacco lacrimale(Dacriocistor inostomia). Clin Mod Firenze 10:385–387
[2] Caldwell GW (1893) Two new operations for obstruction of the nasal duct. N Y Med J 57:581–582
[3] Mc Donogh M, Meiring JH (1989) Endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy. J Laryngol Otol; 103:585–7
[4] Welham RA (1997) Clinical ophthalmology. Miller S Ed, IOP Publishing Ltd: Bristol (Indian Edn); 391–441
[5] Metson R (1990) The endoscopic approach for revision DCR. Laryngoscope 100:1344–1347
[6] Yung MN, Hardman Lea S (2002) Analysis of the results of surgical endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: Effect of the level of obstruction. Br J Ophthalmol 86(7):792–794
[7] Mangal S, Vimal J, Gupta SC (2004) Intranasal Endoscopic DCR (END-DCR) in cases of dacryocystitis. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery 56(3):177–183
[8] Mortimre S, Banhegy GY, Lancaster JL (1999) Endoscopic DCR without silicon stenting. J R Coll Syrg Edinb 44:371–373
[9] Wormald PJ (2002) Powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy 112(1):69–72
[10] Fayet B, Racy E, Assouline M. Complications of standardized endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with unciformectomy. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:837–845.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Cytotoxic Activity of Crude Extracts and Fractions from Irvingia malayana
Country	::	Indonesia
Authors	::	Ari Widiyantoro || Thamrin Usman || Edy Meiyanto || Sabirin Matsjeh
Page No.	::	05-08
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0341058
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/034005008

Irvingia malayana has been utilized for traditional medicine in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.The aim of this research is to detect cytotoxic activity of extract of Irvingia malayana. The extraction with methanol and partition by variated eluen polarity. This extraction produced methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, methylene chloride fraction, ethylacetate fraction and methanol fraction. Cytotoxic test using MTT assay method was done to each extract and fraction. Cell viability profiles produced from MTT assay showed that methanolic extract , the other fractions (n-hexane, metylen chloride, ethylacetate and methanol) from bark of Irvingia malayana decrease HeLa cells viability compare to control cells in the concentration dependent manners with IC50 of 59, 92, 30, 22, and 33 μg/mL respectively. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by ethylacetate fraction of bark of Irvingia malayana, but methylen chloride fraction of root of Irvingia malayana also potencial to find bioactive compound against Hela cell line.
Keywords: Irvingia malayana, cytotoxic activity, crude extracts, fractions, HeLa cell line

[1] Pouplin. J. N. and Tran.H., 2007. Antimalarial and citotoxic activities of ethnopharmacologically selected medical plants from South Vietnam, J. of Ethnopharm. 109(2),417-427
[2] Praptiwi and Chairul. 2008. The effect of pauh kijang (Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex. A. Benn) in decreasing parasetimia percentage in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Biodiversitas.9. 96-98
[3] Nakahara, K., Roy. M. K., Alzoreky. N. S., and Thalang. N. V. 2002. Inventory of indegenous plants and minor crops in Thailand based on bioactivities, 9th JIRCAS International Symposium, 135-139
[4] Widiyantoro, A., Destiarti, L., Kusharyanti, I., Supardi, Halim, D.G., Niwick and Willianti, V. 2012. Antiinflamation activity of bioactive compound from bark of Irvingia malayana against Rattus norvegicus induced by carrageenan, J. Kaunia, VII (2) :118-126
[5] Widiyantoro, A., Kustiati, and Usman, T. 2006. Isolation and characterization of antifeedant compound from ethylacetate fraction of stem bark of Irvingia malayana, J. Agripura, 4 (2) : 523-529
[6] Mitsunaga, K., Ouyang, Y., Koike, K., Sakamoto, Y., Ohmoto, T. and Nikaido, T.. 1996. Phenolic constituents of Irvingia malayana, Natural Medicines, 50 (5), 325-327
[7] Ng, K.W., Salhimi, S.M., Majid, A.M.S.A and Chan, K.L.2010. Antiangiogenic and cytotoxic studies of some medicinal plants, Planta Med., 76 : 935-940
[8] Jaipetch, T. 1999. Chemical constituen of Irvingia malayana and Clausena excavata.Ph.D thesis. Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University
[9] Kusharyanti, Widiyantoro, A., Maryati, and Meiyanto, E. 2008. Cytotoxic activity of bark extract of Irvingia malayana, Proceeding of XVI ISFI Congress, Yogyakarta

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Host Modulatory Therapy: A Novel Approach in Periodontal Therapy
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr. Raju Anarthe || Dr. Ameet Mani || Dr. P.P. Marawar
Page No.	::	09-13
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-03410913
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034009013

Although bacterial plaque is primary etiologic factor in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases, the host's reactions to the presence of the bacteria are the one which mediates the periodontal tissue destruction. The periodontal tissue destruction is believed to be due to the host response, it is logical to consider therapeutic approaches that modulate the host response in addition to antibacterial and analgesic approaches in the management of periodontal diseases. A number of host modulatory agents like chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and bisphosphonates are effective in treating periodontal diseases in adjunct to the nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy. This paper reviews the Host Modulatory Therapy which is the effective means when used as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy in treating periodontal diseases

Key Words: Bisphosphonates, Chemically modified tetracyclines, Host modulation, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, periodontal disease.

[1]. Maria Emanuel Ryan and Phillip M. Preshaw, Host Modulation, In Carranza's Clinical Periodontology , 10th Edition, 275-282, 2007.
[2]. Shalu Bathla, Host Modulatory Therapy, In Periodontics Revisited, 1st Edition, 292-295, 2011.
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[4]. Kornman KS. Host modulation as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of periodontal disease. Clinical infectious diseases, 28(3),520-524, 1999.
[5]. Ciancio S, Ashley R. Safety and efficacy of sub-antimicrobial-dose doxycycline therapy in patients with adult periodontitis, Advances in Dental Research, 12(1):27-31, 1998.
[6]. Golub L, Lee H, Greenwald R, Ryan M, Sorsa T, Salo T, et al. A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor reduces bone-type collagen degradation fragments and specific collagenases in gingival crevicular fluid during adult periodontitis. Inflammation Research, 46(8):310-319, 1997.
[7]. Lavaneras A, Ramamurthy NS, Heikkilä P, Teronen O, Salo T, Rifkin BR, et al. A combination of a chemically modified doxycycline and a bisphosphonate synergistically inhibits endotoxin-induced periodontal breakdown in rats. Journal of Periodontology, 72 (8):1069-1077, 2001.
[8]. Phillip M, Preshaw, Maria Emanuel Ryan, William V. Giannobile, Host Modulation Agents, In Carranza's Clinical Periodontology , 10th Edition, 813-827, 2007.
[9]. Offenbaceer S, Odle B, Dyke T. The use of crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels as a predictor of periodontal attachment loss. Journal of periodontal research, 21(2):101-112, 1986.
[10]. Howell TH, Williams RC. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of periodontal disease progression. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, 4(2):177-196, 1993.
[11]. Nakaya H, Osawa G, Iwasaki N, Cochran D, Kamoi K, Oates T. Effects of bisphosphonate on matrix metalloproteinase enzymes in human periodontal ligament cells. Journal of Periodontology, 71(7):1158-66, 2000.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Ramadan Fasting On Classically Activated, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation of Macrophage
Country	::	Indonesia
Authors	::	Ardik Lahdimawan || Kusworini Handono || M. Rasjad Indra || Sumarno Reto Prawiro
Page No.	::	14-22
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034101422
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/034014022

IRamadan fasting (RF) is stressor that will be altered immune system. Macrophage is one of immune cell and IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and SOD is important component on the classically activated, oxidative stress and inflammation of macrophage, so the aim of this study was to determine the effect of RF as stressor on level IFN -gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and SOD of macrophage. Twenty seven healthy volunteers male aged 18–22 years (mean±SD 20.26±1.13 years) who fasted during Ramadan participated in the study. Blood sampling was conducted on 7 days before Ramadan, days 7 and days 21 of Ramadan. The following were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method: IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and SOD of macrophage. Macrophage IFN-gamma on day 21 was increase significant (p<0.05) compared with days 7. TNF-alpha on days 7 increase significant (p<0.05) compared to before RF and on days 21 was decrease significant (p<0.05) compared with days 7. iNOS on days 7 and 21 increase significant (p<0.05) compared to before RF, and days 21 compared to days 7. SOD on days 7 and days 21 decrease significant (p<0.05) compared to before RF. The others were not significantly difference. The results obtained indicate that RF altered classically activated macrophage regulation / signaling and increase macrophage function, in which RF induces classically activated, inflammation and reduce oxidative stress of macrophage. This study reveals that macrophage was in eustress condition.
Keywords: Ramadan fasting, stressor, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS, SOD, classically activated macrophage, oxidative stress, inflammation.

[1]. Ardik Lahdimawan, Kusworini Handono, Rasjad Indra M., Sumarno Reto Prawiro. (2013). Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Endorphin and Endocannabinoid level in Serum, PBMC and Macrophage. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI), Vol. 2, issue 3; pp 46-54
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[9]. Pestonjamasp V.K., Burstein S.H. (1998). Anandamide synthesis is induced by arachidonate mobilizing agonists in cells of the immune system. Biochim Biophys Acta; 1394:249–260. [PubMed].

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Microwave - Assisted Synthesis of Flavones and their Comparative Study with Conventational Method
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Belsare D .P || Kazi Aasim
Page No.	::	23-27
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034102327
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034023027

A Series Of 3-Hydroxyflavones Were Synthesized In Microwave Oven And By Conventional Method. Derivatives Of 3-Hydroxyflavones Were Synthesized From 2'-Hydroxychalcones Using Hydrogen Peroxide And Sodium Hydroxide In Microwave. In This Investigation 2'-Hydroxychalcones Were Selected For Synthesis Of Corresponding Flavones So That The Reactive Hydroxy Moiety Helps In Cyclocondensation With Formation Of Benzopyrone Ring System Which Is Primary Structural Part Of All Flavones. Considerable Increase In Reaction Rate Has Been Observed With Increase In Yield.A Comparative Study Showed That The Microwave Irradiation Condition Afforded Excellent Yield And Shorten Reaction Time. And Microwave Synthesis Of Flavones Are Found To Be Undoubtedly More Economic, Efficient, Ecofriendly And Convenient Than Other Reported Methods As The Equipment Is Cheap, And Reagents Required Are Also Cheap.

Key words: Chalcones, Flavonoids, Microwave Oven.

 

[1.] Caddick S. "Microwave Assisted Organic Reaction‟ Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 10403.
[2.] Maria J.Gozalez Moa, Marcos Mandado et al. QTAIM electron density study of natural chalcones. Chemical physics letters, 2007, 34,446.
[3.] J. Mojzis, L. Varinska, G. Mojzisova ,I. Kostova , L.Mirossay. Antiangiogenic effects of Flavonoids and Chalcones. Pharmacological research. 2008, 57, 259-265.
[4.] Ruby John Anto, K. Sukumaran, Girija Kuttan ,M.N.A. Rao et al.Anticancer and antioxidant activity of synthetic chalcones and related compounds. Cancer letters. 1995, 97, 33-37.
[5.] M.L. Go, X. Wu and X.L. Liu. Chalcones: An update on Cytotoxic and Chemo protective properties, Current medicinal chemistry, 2005, 12,483-499.[6.] T. Narender and K. Pupi Reddy. A simple and highly efficient method of chalcones by using Borontrifloride-etherate. Tetrahedron Letters, 2007, 48, 3177-3180
[7.] Swarnlata saraf, Mahendra singh & Shailesh saraf. A Revive article on Flavonoids: A Neutritional Protection against oxidative & U V induced cellular damages, pharmacognosy review, 2007, 1, 30-40.
[8.] Han-Wei Chu, Huan-Ting Wuand and Yean-Jang Lee. Rgeoselective hydroxylation of 2-hydroxy chalcones dimethyldioxirane towards polymethoxylated Flavonoids Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 2647-2655.
[9.] Ajay Sharma, Sudhir Bharadwaj, A.S. Maan, Amit Jain and M.D. Kharya. Screening of Antioxidant activity: An overview. Pharmacognosy review, Jul-Dec, 2007, 1, (2)232.
[10.] Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Krishna J.Malagi, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga, et al. Triphala ,an ayurvedik rasayana drug , protects mice against radiation –induced lethality by free radical scavenging ,The journal of alternative and complimentary medicine, 2004,10, 971-978.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Study on the Biological activity of Hepatitis C Analogs Prediction by QSAR -An Insilco Approach
Country	::	India
Authors	::	M. Padmavathi
Page No.	::	28-32
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034102832
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034028032

The proper care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection – with ribavirin elicits sustained responses in the patients treated. No alternatives exist for patients who are suffering with the Hepatitis C. The toxic side – effect of ribavirin, hemolytic anemia which often helps to a reduction of dosage and comprises treatment response. It requires a balance between the antiviral and hemolytic activities of ribavirin. By rational based drug designing approach, new analogs are designed by replacing pharmacophore groups in ligand. The modified ligand molecules are mutagenic or non-mutagenic and its fitness can detect with the ADMET and GOLD. The present paper provides the knowledge of the analog characteristics like physical, chemical and biological properties i.e., polarizability, solubility, log P, refractivity, surface area and hydration energy, the optimized analogs and protein binding free energy was calculated by other Insilco tools and found the best molecule which can treat the Hepatitis C.

Key words: HCV, Ribavirin, ADMET, Docking, in silico tools

 

[1.] Ryan KJ, Ray CG , (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 551–2.
[2.] Rosen, HR (2011)"Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection". The New England Journal of Medicine 364 (25): 2429–38
[3.] Maheshwari, A; Ray S; Thuluvath PJ (2008) "Acute hepatitis C". Lancet 372 (9635): 321–32.
[4.] Bailey, Caitlin (2010). "Hepatic Failure: An Evidence-Based Approach In The Emergency Department".Emergency Medicine Practice 12 (4).
[5.] Houghton M (2009). "The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus".Journal of Hepatology 51 (5): 939–48.
[6.] Nelson, PK; Mathers BM, Cowie B, Hagan H, Des Jarlais D, Horyniak D, Degenhardt L (2011) "Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews". Lancet 378(9791): 571–83.
[7.] Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Advances in Treatment, Promise for the Future. Springer Verlag. (2011). pp. 103–104.
[8.] Halliday, J; Klenerman P, Barnes E (2011) "Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: closing in on an evasive target" (PDF). Expert review of vaccines 10 (5): 659–72.
[9.] Mueller, S; Millonig G; Seitz HK (2009). "Alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C: a frequently underestimated combination" (PDF). World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 15 (28): 3462–71
[10.] Alter, MJ (2011) "Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection" (PDF). World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 13 (17): 2436–41.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Phytochemical analysis and comparison of in-vitro antimicrobial activities of the leaf, stem bark and root bark of Ficus benghalensis
Country	::	Nigeria.
Authors	::	O.P OGUNLOWO || B.D ARIMAH || M.A ADEBAYO
Page No.	::	33-38
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034103338
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034033038

In this study, the antimicrobial activities of aqueous extracts of leaf, bark and root bark of Ficus benghalensis plant were investigated against five bacteria (E.coli, S.aureus, B.subtilis, K.pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa and two fungi (T.rubrum and C.albicans). The results showed that the stem bark extract showed maximum antimicrobial activity on the five bacteria and two fungi used, K.pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa were resistant to the leaf and root extracts. C.albicans was also susceptible to all the extracts while T.rubrum was resistant to the leaf extract. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Phenols, Saponins, Glycosides, Xanthoproteic, Carbohydrates and Alkaloids. There were various zones of inhibition in the antibiotics sensitivity of the bacteria used, while some were susceptible, others were not. The two fungi were also susceptible to Nystatin. The positive results for antimicrobial activities of the extract confirm the use of the plant in folk medicine in treatment of diverse ailments.

Key words:Ficus benghalensis, phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial efficacy, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), antibiotics

 

[1.] Mahalingam G, Krishnan K, antidiabetic and amelioferative potential of Ficus bengalensis bark extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Indian Journal of Biochemistry;23(4):394-400, 2008.
[2.] Manoj Aswar, Urmila Aswar, Bhagyashri Watkar, Meenakshi Vyas, Akshaya Wagh, Kishore .N. Gujar, Anthelmintic activity of Ficus bengalensis, International Journal Of Green Pharmacy, 27: 170-172, 2008.
[3.] Achrekar S, Kaklaji GS, Pote MS, Kelkar SM. Hypoglycemic activity of Eugenia Jambolana and Ficus bengalensis: Mechanism of action. In vivo 5:143-7, 1991.
[4.] Patil V.V., Pimprikar R.B., Patil V.R. Pharmacognostical Studies and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ficus bengalensis Linn JYP Vol 1, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2009;49-53.
[5.] Ananthanarayan R.T, C K J Panikar, Textbook of Microbiology, Orient Longman Limited, Madras, 6th ed. 1992; p. 370-373.
[6.] Augusti KT. Hypoglycemic action of bengalenoside: A glucoside isolated from Ficus Bengalensis Linn, in normal and Alloxan diabetic rabbits. Indian J Physiology Pharmacology 1975, 19:218-20.
[7.] Bhadauria, K.K.S., Pailanbhadauri, G.H., Das, M.M., Kundu, S.S., Singh, J.P., and Lodhibhadauri, G.N., Evaluation of shrubs and tree leaves for carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions Indian: Journal of Animal Sciences 87-90, 2002.
[8.] Cherian S, Augusti K.T., To study the Antidiabetic effects of a glycoside of leucopelargonidin isolated from Ficus bengalensis Linn Indian J Exp Biol: 31(1):26- 29,1993.
[9.] Chattopadhyay, R.R., A comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin. J Ethnopharmacol. 67: 367- 372. 1999.
[10.] Aiyegoro, A., and Okoh, A.I., Use of bioactive plant products in combination with standard antibiotics: implications in antimicrobial chemotherapy Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.1147-1152, 2009.
[11.] Barry A.L., The antimicrobial susceptibility test principles and practices, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976; p.163-164.
[12.] Duguid J.P., B.P. Marmion, R. H. A. Swain, MACKIE & Mc CARTNEY Medical Microbiology, Vol 1,microbial infections, 13th ed. Churchill Livingstone, 1980; p.304.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Maternal lead acetate exposure during lactation persistently impairs testicular development in male offspring of swiss albino mice
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr.Durgesh Nandini Sharma
Page No.	::	39-43
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034103943
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034039043

Lead Is One Of The Oldest Known And Most Widely Studied Occupational And Environmental Toxicant. Lead Compounds Are Known To Adversely Affect The Various Mammalian Systems. Reproductive Toxicity, Which Can Be Defined As The Adverse Effect Of Chemicals, Lead Being One That Can Affect The Gonodal Structure And Functions, Can Cause Alterations In Fertility And Impaired Gamete Function. Present Study Aims To Investigate The Effects Of Maternal Lead Acetate Exposure During Lactation On Postpartum Development Of Testes In Offspring Mice. During Experimental Period, Lactating Female Mice Was Given Lead Acetate (0.5ml/Day) From Day 1 To Day 21 Of Lactation. The Results Indicated That Exposure Of Lead Caused Histological Alteration In Developing Testes Of Mice And Significantly Alters The Density Of Inter Tubular Cellular Elements. In Present Investigation It Is Observed That Lead Toxicity Caused Decreased Testicular Weight Of Developing Pups In Experimental Groups As Compared To Control Pups. We Can Conclude From Our Findings That Lead Acetate Administrated During Lactation Adversely Affects Developing Testis Of Swiss Mice..

Key words: Development, Histology, Lactation, Lead Toxicity, Swiss Mice, Testis.

 

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[8]. RF. McGivern, RZ. Sokol, NG. Berman, Prenatal lead exposure in the rat during the third week of gestation: Long-term behavioral, physiological, and anatomical effects associated with reproduction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 110: 1991, 206-215.
[9]. L. Gerhardsson , V. Endlyst, V. Lndlyt, N. Lundstrom, Lead in tissues of decrease lead smelter workers. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 9: 1995, 236- 143.
[10]. A. Astrup-Jensen , SA. Slarach, eds. Chemical contamination in human breast milk. Boston Rouge, LA:CRC Press 1991.
[11]. I. Corpas , M.Castillo, D. Marquina, MJ.Benito, Lead intoxication in gestational and lactation periods alters the development of male reproductive organs . Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 53: 2002, 259-266.
[12]. DR. Mann, HM. Frase, The neonatal period: a critical interval in male primate development. J Endocinol 149: 1996, 191-197.
[13]. CP. Leblond, and Y. Clarmont, Differentiation of stages of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium. Ann N Y Acad Sci 55: 1952, 548–573.
[14]. IP. Hallen , L.Jorhem, A. Oskarsson, 1995. Placental and lactational transfer
of lead in rats: a study on the lactational process and effects on offspring. Arch. Toxicol. 69: 1995, 596–602.

[11] V G Premkumar, S Yuvaraj, K Vijayasarathy, S G D Gangadaran and P Sachdanandam. Effect of Coenzyme Q10, Riboflavin and Niacin on Serum CEA and CA 15-3 Levels in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Tamoxifen Therapy. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30(2), 2007, 367-370
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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Lactic Acid Bacteria:Bacteriocin Producer: A Mini Review
Country	::	Malaysia
Authors	::	Moshood A. Yusuf || Tengku Haziyamin Abdul || Tengku Abdul Hamid
Page No.	::	44-50
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034104450
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/034044050

LAB is a diverse bacterial group consisting of 11 genuses. These bacteria are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, coccus or rods but aerotolerant, able to ferment carbohydrates into energy and lactic acid. Lactic acid bacteria produce various compounds such as organic acids, diacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocins or bactericidal proteins during lactic acid fermentations. Bacteriocins are peptides produced by a variety of microbes and have antimicrobial activity against closely related species. These antimicrobial agents are gaining more and more attention as an alternative therapeutics not only in pharmaceutical but also as a preservative in food industries. The main aim of this review is to highlight lactic acid bacteria and its bacteriocins.

Key words: bacteriocins, lactic acid bacteria, alternative therapeutics, pharmaceutical. Bacteriocidal proteins

 

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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparison of biocidal and sporicidal effects of spark discharge plasma and mercury-vapor low pressure lamp radiations
Country	::	Russia
Authors	::	Irina P. Ivanova || Igor M. Piskarev || Svetlana V. Trofimova
Page No.	::	51-53
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034105153
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034051053

In this work it was shown that the inactivation micromycets spore (fungi) to hot plasma radiation of self-sustained spark discharge on air is much more effectively than UV-radiation mercury-vapor lamp. Though the discharge electrical power is 15 times and UV-photons flux 430 times more for mercury lamp than for spark discharge. Discussed method inactivation is very simple

Key words: micromycet inactivation, spore, hot plasma radiation, UV-mercury lamp

 

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Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Typing Rh factor of Bloodstains
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Madhusree Konala || Geetha Madhuri Lankapalli
Page No.	::	54-57
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-034105457
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/034054057

The Rh blood group system contains various blood-group antigens, but few are well known in clinical serology. The Rh factor i.e. Rh positive and Rh negative depends on the presence and absence of the D-antigen on erythrocytes. In criminal cases like murder, attempted murder and sexual assault cases, it is necessary to know the blood group of an unknown blood sample found at the crime scene and its degree of association with the deceased or victim, the suspect and the crime or crime scene. Typing of Rh factor in bloodstains is uncommon in forensic samples due to difficulties in typing. The present study proved that the Mixed Agglutination Technique is a suitable technique to type Rh factor of bloodstains.

Keywords - Anti-D antigen, Bloodstains, Forensic samples, Mixed Agglutination, Rh factor typing

 

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[5.] Madhusree Konala and Sanjeev Ranjan; ABO blood stain typing by Forwarding and Reversing Method of Absorption-Elution Technique with same fiber/cloth piece Elixir Forensic Serology vol 56 p 13489-13492-2013.