Objective: The aim of study to see the effect of 3mg dinoprostone in induction of labor in comparison to 50mcg vagiprost in post term pregnancies.

Methods: A randomized prospective study that attends at bint AL huda hospital from the period of 1st of septmber 2012 to 1stseptmber 2013 where115 patients which need induction of lobar for post term pregnancy that diagnosed by early dating U/S, where randomly divided into 2 groups, the 1st group receive dinoprstone 3mg vaginal tablet , the other group receive vagiprost 50mcg vaginal tablet. The mean outcome measures is the time from induction to delivery, the incidence of vaginal delivery within 12 and 24 hours, obstetrical complications & neonatal outcome.

Result: The induction to delivery time was significantly shorter ( 12.5 hrsvs 16.3 hrs P < 0.001) in the misoprostol group with less need to second and third dose ( 9% vs 20% P value < 0.05) compared to dinoprostone. With misoprostol more women delivered within 12 hours ( 54.5% vs 46.6% P < 0.01) and nearly all women delivered within 24 hours ( 81.8% vs 66.6% P < 0.05), there was a less need for oxytocin augmentation in the misoprostol group ( 27.2% vs 41.6% P <0.05), In both groups majority of women had vaginal deliveries (83.4% with dinoprostonevs, 81.8% with misoprostol ) and there was no statistically difference between the rate of C/S in both groups. there was difference regard the admission to baby care unit (27.2% in misoprostol vs 8.3% in the dinoprostone group).

[1] Yahn BP; Wollan P; McKeon K; Field CS. Temporal changes in rates and reasons for medical induction of term labor, 1980–1996. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2001;184:611–619.

[2] Hilder L; CosteloeK;Thilaganathan B: Prolonged pregnancy. Evaluating gestation-specific risks of fetal and infant mortality. Br J ObstetGynaecol. 1998;105:169–173.

[3] Cotzias CS, Paterson-Brown S, Fisk NM: Prospective risk of unexplained stillbirth in singleton pregnancies at term: population based analysis. BMJ 1999,319:287-289.

[4] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Induction of labor. Practice bulletin 10. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 1999.

The main obejective of the study is to evaluate the adverse effects of antituberculosis. The present prospective study was conducted from the 2nd of April of year 2012 to the 2nd of April of 2013 with the help of pneumo-phtisiologists in El-idrissi Hospital of Kenitra. It focuses on patients with adverse reactions to treatment with anti-TB.For a period of 12 months, among 515 patients treated against tuberculosis, an occurence of side effects was noticed for 45 cases with an incidence of 8.73%. The sex ratio was 1.36 for males, and the mean average was 37.59 ± 2.72 years.The majority of adverse events was observed in the liver and biliary tract (hepatic cytolysis, cholestasis ...) with a percentage of 27.03%, followed by drug reactions (itching, skin rash ...) with a percentage of 21.62%, and damage to the gastrointestinal system (vomiting, nausea, diarrhea. ...) with a percentage of 16, 22%.The evolution of the patients was positive in 34.8%, however, we observed 4.3% of deaths.The prevalence of adverse reactions to anti-TB remains abnormally high, especially those observed in the liver, in the biliary tract and in the gastrointestinal system.At First, better knowledge of the adverse effects associated with anti-TB, awareness and sensitization of the role of notification of these effects. And second, a closer collaboration between pharmacologists and clinicians concerned with drug control are crucial factors that will contribute in a better quantification and qualification of the adverse effects of anti-TB.

KEY WORDS: Drug, Adverse Effects, Anti-TB, Kenitra

[1] E PILLY, maladie infectieuse et tropicale, 17éme Edition 2009, 347,353.
[2] J. Perriot A, É. Chambonnetb, A. Eschalierb, les effets indésirables des antituberculeux; prise en charge, Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires (2011) 28, 542—555.
[3] J F Murvay. La Tuberculose Dans Le Monde: Situation Et Perspective En l'an 2001. Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires 2001, 18,470-484.
[4] Y. Arimone, I. Bidault, J. Dutertre, M. Gerardin, C. Guy, F. Haramburu, D. Hillaire-Buys, C. Meglio, C. Penfornis, H. Theophile Et M. Valnet-Rabier, Réactualisation de la méthode française d'imputabilité des effets indésirables des médicaments, Thérapie, Novembre-Décembre 2011, 66(6): 517-525.
[5] Mishin Viu, Vasiléva IA, Makieva VG, Kuzmina NV, Prikazchikova AV, Khoroshutina VV. Fréquence, modèle, et le diagnostic des réactions indésirables chez les patients atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire pendant la chimiothérapie avec les principaux médicaments. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk 2003, 7. 9-24.
[6] Loukil, I. Naceur, K. Hadoussa, S. Fenina, I. Ismail, H. Ghrairi. Les effets indésirables du traitement antituberculeux : A Propos d'une Serie de 22 Patients. Nabeul, Tunisie, 10.1016/J.Rmr.2011.10.920
[7] Yee D. Valiquette C. Pelletier M. Parisien Je. Rocher I. Menzies D. L'incidence Des effets secondaires graves de première intention antitiberculosis médicaments chez les patients traités pour une tuberculose active. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167: 1472-7.

An estimated 40-60% of SSI are preventable with appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics. The major infectious complications of caesarean delivery are fever, wound infection, endometritis and urinary tract infection. Prevention of surgical site infection is the major goal of antibiotic prophylaxis. Postoperative surgical site infection remains a major source of illness and a less frequent cause of death in the surgical patient. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics with in specific interval has been shown to reduce the burden of surgical site infection, but adherence to proper timing guidelines remains problematic. Judicious use of antibiotics in the hospital through effective antibiotic policy and guideline development is then essential.

Keywords:Cesarean section, Post Caesarean infectious complication, Prophylactic antibiotics, Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.

1. Dipiro J T. Pharmacotherapy-A path physiologic approach.5th ed, 1999, 2111-2120.
2. Thigpen BD, Hood WA, Chauhan S, Bufkin L, Bofill J, Magann E, Morrison JC.Timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the uninfected laboring gravida: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005 Jun,192(6),1864-8 .

3. Survey and evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis usage in surgery wards of tertiary level institution before and after the implementation of clinical guidelines. Indian journal of surgery 2006, 68 (3):150-156.

effect of Beta-lactglobulin (β-LG), Lacprodan®alpha-10(LAC) and L-methionine as hepatoprotective agents against thioacetamide (TAA) rats' model was studied. Method: Group 1 control negative; Group2 control positive(TAA only) , the treated 3-9 groups received TAA (100mg/kg, i.p.) twice weekly ,group3,4 received daily β-LG (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg ), respectively. Group 5 received a combination of β-LG (50 mg/kg) and L-methionine (40 mg/kg).Groups 6,7 and 8 received the same as groups 3,4 and 5 except we use LAC instead of β-LG ,while group 9 received L-methionine (40 mg/kg ) only .Results: TAA induced elevation in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin(TB) .Moreover, TAA induced oxidative stress indicated in elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide content(NO) as well as reduction in antioxidant enzymes( hepatic reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity). Administration of whey proteins and L- methionine concurrently with TAA attenuated hepatic fibrosis induced by TAA. WPs and L-methionine caused decline in serum AST, ALT, ALP and TB levels besides reduction of MDA and NO free radicals while increased GSH concentration, SOD activity. Conc.: whey proteins useful as pharmacological agent that suppress hepatic fibrosis.

KEYWORDS-Beta-lactglobulin,Lacprodan-alpha-10,Liverfibrosis,L-methionine, oxidative stress, Thioacetamide.

[1]. Pinzani, M. and K. Rombouts, Liver fibrosis: from the bench to clinical targets. Dig Liver Dis, 2004. 36(4): p. 231-42.
[2]. Friedman, S.L., Liver fibrosis -- from bench to bedside. J Hepatol, 2003. 38 Suppl 1: p. S38-53.
[3]. Canbay, A., S. Friedman, and G.J. Gores, Apoptosis: the nexus of liver injury and fibrosis. Hepatology, 2004. 39(2): p. 273-8.
[4]. Sato, M., S. Suzuki, and H. Senoo, Hepatic stellate cells: unique characteristics in cell biology and phenotype. Cell Struct Funct, 2003. 28(2): p. 105-12.
[5]. Poli, G., Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis: role of oxidative stress. Mol Aspects Med, 2000. 21(3): p. 49-98.
[6]. Salguero Palacios R, Roderfeld M, Hemmann S, Rath T, Atanasova S, Tschuschner A, et al., Activation of hepatic stellate cells is associated with cytokine expression in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Lab Invest, 2008. 88(11): p. 1192-203.

SOPs are living documents that detail written instructions describing specific steps to follow in all activities under defined conditions. SOPs are necessary to ensure the continuity of processes to achieve quality performance and quality products/preparations. The purpose statement identifies the goal of the SOP. It answers the question of why the SOP is being written. For example, "The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to specify the processes used to manage SOPs". The Purpose statement needs to be detailed enough so that the intended user can recognize what the document covers.

KEYWORDS: Standard operating procedures (SOPs), Pharmaceutical industry

[1] Escoe, Adrienne. 1997. Nimble Documentation. The Practical Guide for World-Class Organizations. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: American Society for Quality, Quality Press.
[2] Garner, Willa Y. and Maureen S. Barge, editors, "Good Laboratory Practices. An Agrochemical Perspective," ACS Symposium Series 369, American Chemical Society.
[3] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. EPA Quality Manual for Environmental Programs (EPA Manual 5360 A1). Office of Environmental Information, Washington, DC.
[4] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001a. EPA Requirements for Quality Assurance Project Plans (QA/R-5), EPA/240/B-01/003, Office of Environmental Information, Washington, DC.
[5] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001b. EPA Requirements for Quality Management Plans (QA/R-2), EPA/240/B-01/002, Office of Environmental Information, Washington, DC.
[6] Pharmacy Council of New Zealand – August 2008

An observational study of Maxillary and Mandibular division block in 30 patients of ASA grade one and two are selected they are diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia involving mainly maxillary and mandibular branch. The applied anatomy, methodology, features, complications and limitations have been emphasized. The study shows that it is one of the very useful , easy, and less harmful tool with almost nil complications if practiced with due caution.

[1]. Katz J Gasserian ganglion . In Katz (ed) : Atlas of regional anaesthesia .Norwalk CT Appletan lange 1994 pp 4—5.
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[4]. Waldman SD : Trigeminal nerve block .In Weiner RS9(ed) : Innovations in pain management .Orlando,FL , PMD press 1990 vol 1 .pp10—15.
[5]. Waldman SD: The role of neural blockade in the management of headache and facial pain . Headache and facial pain . Headache digest 1991 4;286—92.

Cigarette smoking is an important health hazard and a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. More young people are getting involved in tobacco use in Nigeria. This is of great concern. This study determined the prevalence and patterns of Tobacco use among Senior Secondary School Students in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Four randomly selected schools and 456 students were surveyed in a cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire that addressed the objectives of the study. Data was analyzed with SPSS Version 20. Response rate was 87.7%. Majority (97%) of the respondents fell within the age group of 11-20 years; males (52%); Christians (95%) and 77% lived with both parents. Smoking prevalence rate was 7% with more male students being involved. Initiation age was 12-15 years (66%); 50% were current smokers; 64% smoked at weekends. Popular venues for smoking were at parties (68%), in the bush (43%) and home of friends (25%). Majority (46%) smoked 1 stick of cigarette per day. Relief of stress (65%) was the major reason for indulgence; Specialization was associated with smoking habit whereas Gender and Religion were not. Although smoking prevalence seems low, school-based preventive awareness programs are strongly recommended to reverse the trend.

Key Words: Adolescents, Patterns, Prevalence, Substance abuse, Tobacco.

[1]. Mpabulungi L and Muula AS. Tobacco use among high school students in Kampala, Uganda: Questionnaire study. Croat Med. J., 45, 2004, 80-83.
[2]. Can G, Topbas M, Oztuna F, Ozgun S, Can E and Yavuzyilmaz A. Factors contributing to regular smoking in adolescents in Turkey. J. School Health, 79, 2009, 93-97.
[3]. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). "Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation- united states, 2008" (full free text). MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 58, 2009; (44); 1227-32. PMID 19910909 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwr html/mm5844a2.htm. Accessed 24th June 2013

Herbal products use herbal extracts to yield an active ingredient. Few of these compounds have had their therapeutic effect demonstrated in toothpaste formulations, although some dentifrices contain polyphenols found in green tea due to the alleged antimicrobial effects. Herbal components such as chamomile, clove oil, echinacea, eucalyptus, fennel, and ginger, and licorice root, tincture of myrrh, nettle leaves, and tea tree oil are included in herbal dental products. Neem is shown highly efficient in reducing Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans within the root canals. Herbal products have also been marketed for the management of halitosis. Bloodroot extract, a derivative of Sanguinaria Canadensis has previously been included in oral rinse and toothpaste products with evidence of safety and effectiveness. This review is about all the studies that have been made to evaluate the efficacy of various herbal products for maintenance of oral hygiene.

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Mung bean has been widely used by Indonesianan and world people for food and mung bean can caused an allergy reaction, particularly on children. The Major allergen of mung bean has been identified were protein Vig r 1, Vig r 2, Vig r 4, and Vig r 6. This study aimed to create a skin prick test reagent of mung bean that meets the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia Monograph on Allergen Products 7 (2010:1063) to diagnosis of allergy. The protein contents of mung bean isolates was 87.98% with an extraction yield at 82.7% and recovery at 20,5 g/100g nut . The mung bean protein isolate was composed of 16 protein bands with the molecular weights of 11.1-127.4 kDa. The allergenic mung bean protein has the molecular weights of 10.9-142.2 kDa after analysis with immunoblotting method. The mung bean protein isolate was formulated into a skin prick test reagent. The mung bean reagent met the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia for the parameters of moisture content, protein content, sterility and microbiology. A skin prick test to the respondents indicated that the sensitivity value of mung bean reagent was 75% with a negative error rate at 25%. The specificity of mung bean reagent was 100% with an error rate of positive diagnosis occurrence at 0%.

Key Words: allergy diagnosis, mung bean, protein isolate, skin prick test, sensitivity, specificity

[1] World Health Organization and International Union of Immunological Societies Allergen Nomenclature Sub-committee (WHO/IUIS), Allergen Nomenclature,
[2] http://www.allergen.org/search.php?Species=Vigna%20radiata. [ 19 January 2015].
[3] L. Heinzerling, A. Mari, K.C. Bergmann, M. Bresciani, G. Burbach, U. Darsow, S. Durham, W. Fokkens, M. Gjomarkaj, T. Haahtela, A.T. Bom, S. Wöhrl, H. Maibach, R. Lockey. The skin prick test-European standards, Clin Trans Allergy, 3(3), 2013, 1-10.

[4] Ebruster H. The prick test, a recent cutaneous test for the diagnosis of allergic disorders. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1959; 71:551-554.
[5] C. Liu, H. Wang, Z. Cui, X. He, X. Wang, X. Zeng, H. Ma. Optimization of extraction and isolation for 11S and 7S globulins of soybean seed storage protein. Food Chem, 102(4), 2007, 1310–1316.
[6] H. Wu, Q. Wang, T. Ma, J. Ren. Comparative studies on the functional properties of various protein concentrate preparations of peanut protein. Food Res Int, 42, 2009, 343-348.