Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Isolation and Structural Characterization of a New Minor Steviol Glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana
Country	::	America
Authors	::	Venkata Sai Prakash Chaturvedula ||, Srinivasa Rao Meneni
Page No.	::	01-05
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0610105

A new minor ent-kaurane diterpene glycoside having five β-D-glucopyranosyl units with a rare
attachment of β-D-glucopyranosyl units at C-13 position has been isolated from the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. The chemical structure of the new compound was characterized as 13-[(3- O-{6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-(2-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (1) on the basis of extensive 1D (1H & 13C) and 2D NMR (TOCSY, HMQC, and HMBC), and High Resolution (HR) mass spectroscopic data as well as enzymatic and acid hydrolysis studies.
Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana; Diterpene glycoside; Isolation; Structure elucidation; Spectral data; Hydrolysis
studies.

[1]. Lewis, W.H. Early uses of Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae) leaves as a sweetener in Paraguay. Economic Botany, 1992, 46, 336-337.
[2]. Ceunen, S., Geuns, J.M.C. Steviol glycosides: Chemical diversity, metabolism, and function. Journal of Natural Products, 2013, 76, 1201-1228.
[3]. Brandle, J.E., Starrratt, A.N., Gijen, M. Stevia rebaudiana: its agricultural, biological and chemical properties. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences, 1998, 78, 527-536.
[4]. Kinghorn, A.D. In stevia: the genus stevia (medicinal and aromatic plants-industrial profile); Taylor and Francis, 2002, 19, pp 1-17.
[5]. Chaturvedula, V.S.P., Zamora, J. Isolation and structural characterization of a new minor diterpene glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana. Natural Product Communications, 2014, 9, 1677-1679.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Phytotherapy as a preventive and adjuvant for the rhinitis
Country	::	Italy
Authors	::	Lydia Ferrara
Page No.	::	06-11
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0610611

Rhinitis is a condition present in the world, caused by irritation and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The most common symptoms are a feeling of nasal stuffiness, runny nose and post-nasal drip. Most often is allergic type, usually triggered by the presence of allergens in the air such as pollen or animal dander and hair. This particular type of rhinitis can also be associated with different symptoms, such as sneezing, nasal itching, cough, headache, weakness, malaise, cognitive slowing in addition to a range of symptoms that are related to the eyes, such as eye pruritus, conjunctivitis, persistent lacrimation, periorbital edema. As therapy the antihistamines and antibiotics are used frequently that are not free from undesirable side effects. The herbal medicine is therefore a viable alternative in the prevention of this disease alleviates uncomfortable symptoms that accompany it.

Keywords: medicinal plants, active ingredients, supplements, herbal preparations

[1] R.Aston, R. Saffie-Siebert, L. Canhan, J. Ogden. Nanotechnology Applications for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutical Technology Europe.17(4), 2005,21–28

[2] MF.Francis, M. Cristea, FM. Winnik . Polymeric micelles for oral drug delivery: Why and how. Pure Appl Chem. 76 (7–8), 2004, 1321–1335.

[3] P.Couvreur, C. Vauthier. Nanotechnology: Intelligent Design to Treat Complex Disease Pharmaceutical Research, 23 (7),2006, 1417-1450.

[4] S.Sakuma, M.Hayashi, M.Akashi Design of nanoparticles composed of graft copolymers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Del Rev. 47,2001, 21-37

[5] Amr M. Bakry, Shabbar Abbas, Barkat Ali, Hamid Majeed, Mohamed Y. Abouelwafa, Ahmed Mousa, Li Liang Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits, Techniques, and Applications Food Science and Food Safety 2015, 1-40

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Microbial Delignification of Corn Stover by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Solid State Fermentation
Country	::	Indonesia
Authors	::	Kirana S Sasmitaloka ||, Ani Suryani ||, Djumali Mangunwidjaja
Page No.	::	12-19
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0611219

Delignification of corn stover by white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid state fermentation was evaluated for improving subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Corn stover has major components of lignocellulosic material which have large potential for the development future products. Corn stover consists of cellulose (36,81%), hemicelluloses (27,01%), lignin (15,70%), ash (6,04%) and other material (14,44%). Some white-rot fungi has used to lignin degradation. The most commonly utilized fungus is the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The purpose of this research is to determine temperature effect of incubation and mold inoculum volume to find the best condition in the biodelignification process of corn stover using Response Surface Methodology. The experimental result shows that significant factor in biodelignification is temperature. The best condition from corn stover biodelignification are temperature of 30oC and 10 ml mold inoculum. Under this condition, produce lignin removal 11,73 %, α-cellulose removal 24,59 % and hemicelllulose removal 32,44 %.

Keywords - biodelignification, corn stover, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, lignin content, solid state fermentation

[1] Wan C, Li Y. Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Advances, 30, 2012, 1447 – 1457.
[2] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. 1 page. http://bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/868 (last accessed December 3, 2015)

[3] McCutcheon J, D Samples. Grazing corn residues. Extension Fact Sheet Ohio State University Extension. US. 2002. ANR10-02.

[4] Van Dyk JS, Pletschke BI. A review of lignocellulose bioconversion using enzymatic hydrolysis and synergistic cooperation between enzymes – Factors affecting enzymes, conversion and synergy. Biotechnol Advances, 30, 2012, 1458 – 1480.

[5] Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M, Negro M.J. Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresour. Technol, 101, 2010, 4851–4861.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Preventive and Curative Effects of Gotu Kola and Turmeric Extracts on Liver Function Damage Induced by Paracetamol in Rats
Country	::	Indonesia
Authors	::	Tuti Aswani ||, Wasmen Manalu ||, Agik Suprayogi ||, Min Rahminiwati
Page No.	::	20-29
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0612029

The preventive and curative effects of gotu kola and turmeric extracts on the damage of rat liver induced by paracetamol were studied by using 68 male rats (Sprague dawley). The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments of combination of gotu kola and turmeric extracts. Parameters measured were the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and histopathology examination of the liver. The result showed that administration of gotu kola and turmeric extracts either during preventive or curative treatment decreased the levels of AST and ALT. The result showed that the extracts of gotu kola and turmeric could inhibit the decrease in GSH-Px enzyme activity (preventive effect) and stimulated the increase in GSH-Px enzyme activity (curative) and regenerate the damaged liver cells caused by paracetamol induction (curative). Combination of 18.75 mg gotu kola extract and 336 mg turmeric extract gave the best result in preventive and curative effects. It was concluded that gotu kola and turmeric extracts could be used to prevent and to cure the liver damage due to the excessive consumption of paracetamol.

 

Keywords - gotu kola (Centella asiatica), turmeric (Curcuma longa), glutathione peroxidase, AST/ALT, liver

[1] Ozdemirler G, Aykaç G, Uysal M, Oz H. Liver lipid peroxidation and glutathione-related defence enzyme systems in mice treated with paracetamol. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 14(4), 1994, 297-299.

[2] Bessems JG, Vermeulen NP. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced toxicity: molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 31(1), 2001, 55-138.

[3] Alshawsh MA, Abdulla MA, Ismail S, Amin ZA. Hepatoprotective effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 2011, 1–6.

[4] Kadir FA, Othman F, Abdulla MA, Hussan F, Hassandarvish P. Effect of Tinospora crispa on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 43(1), 2011, 64–68.

[5] Maizura M, Aminah A, Wan Aida WM. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of kesum (Polygonum minus), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract. International Food Research Journal, 18, 2011, 526–531.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Focus on Curcumin Local Application in Oral Diseases Management: Mini Review
Country	::	Egypt
Authors	::	Ragwa Mohamed Farid
Page No.	::	30-40
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0613040

Nutraceutical is a food or à food ingredient that provides medical and health benefits. Polyphenols play an important role in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. Among polyphenols, the most widely used substance Curcumin. Curcumin derived from the herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric. It possesses wide range of beneficial properties includes anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties following oral or topical administration, so it can be useful for both systemic and local disease treatments. Local drug delivery provides a more targeted and efficient drug-delivery option than systemic delivery. This review primarily focuses on some of the evidences on local therapeutic approaches of Curcumin for most common oral diseases; oral infection, periodontal diseases, aphthous ulcers, precancerous lesions and oral mucositis. This review also highlights the recent advances of nanocarriers' delivery systems in enhancing and improving the local efficacy of Curcumin to combat specifically some of the oral diseases.

 

Keywords –curcumin, local therapeutic, nutraceuticals, nanocarriers, oral diseases

[1]. Gupta, S.C., Kim, J.H., Prasad, S., and Aggarwal, B.B., Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 29 (3), 2010, 405-434.

[2]. Bonifácio, B.V., Da Silva, P.B., Dos Santos Ramos, M.A., Negri, K.M.S., Bauab, T.M., and Chorilli, M., Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicines: a review. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9 2014, 1.
[3]. Sankar, V., Hearnden, V., Hull, K., Juras, D.V., Greenberg, M., Kerr, A., Lockhart, P.B., Patton, L.L., Porter, S., and Thornhill, M., Local drug delivery for oral mucosal diseases: challenges and opportunities. Oral Diseases, 17 (s1), 2011, 73-84.
[4]. Yakubov, G.E., Gibbins, H., Proctor, G.B., and Carpenter, G.H., Mucoadhesive Materials and Drug Delivery Systems " Oral mucosa: physiological and physicochemical aspects". Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy ed. 2014, Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 35.
[5]. Munot, N.M. and Gujar, K.N., Orodental Delivery Systes: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5 (3), 2013, 74-83.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Molecular approaches of sarcomagenesis for establishment of clinical therapy
Country	::	Japan
Authors	::	Takuma Hayashi ||, Akiko Horiuchi ||, Yae Kanai ||, Tanri Shiozawa ||, Dorit Zharhary ||, Nobuo Yaegashi ||, Susumu Tonegawa ||, and Ikuo Konishi
Page No.	::	41-44
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0614144

Sarcomas are neoplastic malignancies that typically arise in tissues of a mesenchymal origin. The identification of novel molecular mechanisms leading to sarcoma formation and the establishment of new therapies and biomarkers have been hampered by several critical factors. This type of cancer is rarely observed in clinical settings, with fewer than 15,000 newly cases being diagnosed each year in the United States. Another complicating factor is that sarcomas are extremely heterogeneous as they arise in a multitude of tissues from many different cell lineages. The scarcity of clinical samples coupled with its inherent heterogeneity creates a challenging experimental environment for clinicians and scientists. Faced with these challenges, there have been extremely limited advances in treatment options available to patients with sarcomas than in those for patients with other cancers. In order to glean insight into the pathobiology of sarcomas, scientists are now using mouse models whose genomes have been specifically tailored to carry gene deletions, gene amplifications, and point mutations commonly observed in human sarcomas. The use of these model organisms has been successful in increasing our knowledge and understanding of how alterations in relevant oncogenic, tumor suppressive, and signaling pathways directly impact sarcomagenesis. It is the goal of many in the biological community that the use of these mouse models will serve as powerful in vivo tools to further our understanding of sarcomagenesis and potentially identify new biomarkers and develop therapeutic strategies.

 

Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma; LMP2; TUMOUR PROTEIN 53 (TP53); RETINOBLASTOMA (RB)

[1] Lasota J, Fanburg-Smith JC. Genetics for the diagnosis and treatment of mesenchymal tumors. Semin. Musculoskelet Radiol. 2007; 11(3): 215-30.
[2] Taylor BS, Barretina J, Maki RG, Antonescu CR, Singer S, Ladanyi M. Advances in sarcoma genomics andnew therapeutic targets. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2011; 11(8): 541-57.

[3] Peters JM, Franke WW, Kleinschmidt JA. Distinct 19 S and 20 S subcomplexes of the 26 S proteasome and their distribution in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 7709-18.

[4] Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, Darnell J. 2004 "3". Mol Cell Biol (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and CO. 2004; 5: 66-72.

[5] Konstantinova IM, Tsimokha AS, Mittenberg AG. Role of proteasomes in cellular regulation. Intl. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. 2008; 267: 59-124.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Correlation Of Dyslipidemia And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Amongst The People Of Vidarbha Region Of India
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Ajay Meshram ||, Karuna Kachhawa ||, Vijay Gujar ||, Pradeep Bokariya
Page No.	::	45-50
Paper Index	::	XXXX
ANED	::	05.3013/0614550

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are most universal in patients in Type 2 DM and Type 1 diabetes mellitus. High density lipoprotein(HDLc) and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc) and relatively constructive lipid profiles, as it may help to diagnosis of the T2DM. To examine T2DM with dyslipidemia and their correlation is the aim of the present study in residents of Vidarbha Region. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in Jawaharlal Nehru medical college, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha , on total of 100 subjects, with 50 T2DM patients and 50 controls (non-diabetic cases) and, to study their HDL and LDL profiles. Results: The present study showed increased levels of and LDL cholesterol 121.79±44.33 than in control 120.04 (30.57).Fasting blood sugar 97.70± 12.05 than in control 94.3±19.5 in T2DM subjects; conversely, serum HDL cholesterol 35.5± 9.27 level was reduced significantly in T2DM patients than in controls 45.0 ±4.10. Conclusion: Findings of the present study rivet a significant correlation between serum LDL and HDL cholesterols in T2DMpatients. Keywords: High density lipoprotein, Low density lipoprotein, blood glucose, Cholesterol, , Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

[1]. Maitra A, Abbas AK. Endocrine system. In: Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas AK (eds). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease (7th ed) 2005. Philadelphia, Saunders; 1156-1226.
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[3]. Delavari A, Alikhani S, Nili S, Birjandi RH, Birjandi F. Quality of care of diabetes mellitus type-II patients in Iran. Arch Iranian Med 2009;12:492-5.
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[5]. Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V, Little MP, Millett CJ, Anethea Ng et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetics drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ 2009:339;b4731 (doi10.1136/