Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Development and validation of a simple, fast, isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of chlorhexidine and its impurity para-chloroaniline in bulk and finished product
Country	::	Sudan
Authors	::	TarigG. Mohammeda || M.EM. Abdel Aziz
Page No.	::	01-08

A simple, isocraticRP HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorhexidine (CHD) and p-Chloroaniline (pCA) inchlorhexidine mouth rinses. An excellent separation obtainedbyC18 column (200mm × 4.6 mm, 3μm). Mobile phasewas acetate buffer:methanol in a 45:55 ratio,flowrate was 1.0 ml/min. Both ingredient and an impuritywere detected at 254 nm,injection volume was 20μl and the analysis temperature was room temperature.Resolution4.7,retention times was3.1min and 5.7 min for pCAand CHD respectively. The proposed method was testedforsystem suitability, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. The linearity range was40-160μg/ml forCHD and0.3-1.2 μg/ml forpCA.The correlation coefficient of the regression line was 1.000 for both components. Method robustness was tested under nine different conditions using sampleswith a known content. For CHD, the mean of the nine assays was 99.95% andthe RSD was 0.16%. ForpCA, the mean of the nine assays was 99.98% and the RSD was 0.24%. The results show that this is a simple method that can be applied to the analysis of Chlorhexidineproductswith satisfactory degrees of accuracy and precision. Due to the selected optimized conditions, this method can be used with the minimum requirements of an isocratic HPLC system

[1] PaulsonD. S;1993; efficacy evaluation of a 4% chlorhexidine gluconate as a full-body shower wash; American Journal of Infection Control, 21(4), 205-209.
[2] AlbandarJ. M, Rise J, GjermoP andJohansen J. R; 1986; radiographic quantification of alveolar bone level changes; A 2-Year Longitudinal Study in Man; Journal of Clinical Periodontology; 13(3), 195-200.
[3] J. Albandar, Gjermo P, and Preus H;1994; Chlorhexidine use after twodecadesofover-the-counter availability;Journal of Periodontol; 465, 109–112.
[4] Fardal O and Turnbull R.S; 1986; a review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry, J Am Dent Assoc;112, 8639.
[5] 5- Leonardo M.R., TanomaruFilho M., Silva L.A.B., Nelson Filho P., Bonifacio K.C; 1999; in vivo antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine used as a root canal irrigating solution; Journal of End Oden;25,167-171.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Investigating effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress in patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Shokouh Shayanpour || Heshmatollah Shahbazian || Farshid Padyab || Siamak Baghaei || Mehdi Zarei
Page No.	::	09-14

Oxidative stress increases in chronic renal failure patients and exacerbates during dialysis. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases are high in CRF patients and oxidative stress is a risk factor for CVD in CRF patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of antioxidant therapy including vitamin C on two markers of oxidative stress including MDA and TAC in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Materials and methods: This is a prospective clinical trial conducted on 40 patients undergoing PD and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and placebo (n=20). The intervention group received 250 mg/day vitamin Corally and 250 mg/day vitamin C orally for 8 weeks. Placebo group received placebo which was similar with intervention drug in terms of shape and color. The age, sex, CRP, albumin, TG, HDL, LDL, uric acid were measured at baseline. The serum and peritoneal MDA and TAC levels were measured at baseline and at the end of the study................

 

Keywords: Peritoneal dialysis, oxidative stress, TAC, MDA, serum

[1]. Montazerifar F, Karajibani M, Sanadgol H, Hashemi M. Effect of peritoneal dialysis on antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress. Hong Kong Journal of Nephrology. 2012 10//;14(2):33-7.
[2]. Sundl I, Roob JM, Meinitzer A, Tiran B, Khoschsorur G, Haditsch B, et al. Antioxidant status of patients on peritoneal dialysis: associations with inflammation and glycoxidative stress. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 2009;29(1):89-101.
[3]. Gokal R, Mallick N. Peritoneal dialysis. The Lancet. 1999;353(9155):823-8.
[4]. Kamgar M, Zaldivar F, Vaziri ND, Pahl MV. Antioxidant therapy does not ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2009;101(4):336-44.
[5]. Daschner M, Lenhartz H, Bötticher D, Schaefer F, Wollschläger M, Mehls O, et al. Influence of dialysis on plasma lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant levels. Kidney international. 1996;50(4):1268-72.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A need to be fulfilled:Drug Information services
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Chandan Singh Ahirwar || Ashwani Kumar Mishra || Anupam Kumar Pathak
Page No.	::	15-19

There are a growing number of drugs and vast literature coming through every day. Clinicians are hard pressed to keep up with all the recent advents due to shortage of time, however, for safe and efficacious use of medicines, unbiased, up to date and objective information about the drugs is essential. Medicines are now considered as active substances. Information obtained from manufacturers is liable to be biased, and in the present day of therapeutic and information explosion, a quick referral to a pharmacopoeia or formularies is hardly sufficient for adequate information on the vast number of drugs and dosage forms available in the market in all the different brand names.................

 

Keywords: ..............

[1] Hazra A; Sen A; Roy S. One year experience of drug information service in the NGO sector.Ind J Pharmacol 2001; 33:44-5. [2] Rochat C. Practice standard for provision of drug information services. SA Association of Hospital and InstitutionalPharmacists,March2000. Available at http://www.saahip.org.za/docs/PracticeStdDruginfo.pdf [3] Joshi MP. Drug information services at teaching hospitals in developing countries. Ind J Pharmacol1998; 30:1-5. [4] Blum NL. Rational pharmaceutical management project United States Pharmacopoeia: Drug information Development. A case study, Nepal, 2000. Available at http://www.usp.org/pdf/EN/dqi/nepalCaseStudy.pdf [5] Indrajit IK. Biomedical databases. Nat Med J Ind2003;16:100-4.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Evaluation of Doses of Radiation Due To Natural Radioactivity in Wheat As Animal Feed In the Surrounding Of the City Of Skopje (Macedonia)
Country	::	Macedonia
Authors	::	Angeleska Aleksandra || Dimitrieska Stojkovik Elizabeta || Crceva Nikolovska Radmila || Hajrulai-Musliu-Zehra || Dimzovska Biljana || Uzunov Riste || Jankuloski Dean
Page No.	::	20-23

Soil is the first link of the ecological chain soil-food-animals-human, and for this reason it has an important role in the distribution and transfer of radionuclides in fodder, which would mean that the information about the radioactive contamination of the soil and the crops are a foundation that later on all criteria and norms of radiation safety rest on. The radioactive contamination of plants is formed with dynamic continuous common action of the atmosphere, the pedosphere and the hydrosphere. From the indicated fields of life, the influence of the pedosphere is dominant, considering that the main part of the minerals which make the plant body, originate from the soil. Therefore, primarily the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil are the main parameters which determine the quantity of accumulated radioactive substances

 

Keywords: ...............

[1] A.G. Kudryasheva, L. N. Shishkina, N. G. Zagorskaya, and A. I. Taskaev, Biochemical Mechanisms of Radiation Damage to Natural Populations of Mouse-Like Rodents, Nauka, St. Petersburg (1997)
[2] Vera Tome 2003.Soil-to-plants transfer factor for natural radionuclides and stable elements in a Mediterranean area. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 65,161-17.
[3] 3.UNSCEAR Sources Effect and risks of Ionization Radiation ;United Nations Scientific Committe on the Effects of Atomic Radiations,Report to the General Assembly;United Nat ons,New York 1988.
[4] IAEA 295,Measurement of radionuclides in food and the environment, A guide book, Technical Report (1989)
[5] UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes, Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, United Nations, New York, 2000].

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Education as a Heart Failure Intervention: What ProvidersTaught Patients in One Hospital Setting
Country	::	Australia
Authors	::	Dr. Theresa Galakatos || Dr. Michael Bleich || Dr. Gretchen Drinkard || Dr. Michael Ward || Dr. Jean Davis || Dr. Michael Vaughn
Page No.	::	24-69

This study examined what heart failure (HF) information was provided to patients by health care providers (HCPs), what instructional content taught went beyond the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines, and what HF education expert providers viewed as critical for their patients to receive. There is compelling evidence for utilizing educational instruction that includes evidence based guidelines from the AHA.No studieswere found that compared and contrasted these AHA Guidelines with the instructional content provided to hospitalized patients. Using naturalistic inquiry, 10 HF patients (New York Heart Association functional class of III or IV) and 161 HCPs were observed..............

 

Keywords: Heart failure, educational interventions, coordination, guidelines

[1] Abramson, J., Williams, S., & Krumholz, H. (2001). Moderate alcohol consumption and
[2] risk of heart failure among older persons. JAMA, 285(15), 1971-77.
[3] Albert, N. (2008). Improving medication adherence in chronic cardiovascular disease. Critical Care Nurse, 5, 55-65.

[4] Albert, N., Collier, S., Sumodi, V., Wilkinson, S., Hammel, J., Vopat, L., Willis, C., &Bittel, B. (2002). Nurses' knowledge of heart failure education principles. Heart & Lung.31,102-12.
[5] Albert, N., Trochelman, K., Meyer, K., &Nutter, B. (2009). Characteristics associated with racial disparities in illness beliefs of patients with heart failure. Behavioral Medicine, 35, 112-125.