Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Study on Utilization Pattern of Pulmonary Inhalers in Inpatient, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Shivah Karamian || Mahdieh Soleimani
Page No.	::	01-05

Objective: To study on utilization pattern of pulmonary inhalers in inpatient, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India. Methods: The proper inhalation technique was assed using the questionnaires there were 11 steps for MDI and 12 steps for MDI + spacer each correct technique carried a score of 1 and wrong technic carried 0.The adherence to the inhaler technique was assed using the formula correct dose/incorrect dose*100 and the reasons for non-adherence was also noted. The therapeutic inappropriateness of prescribed inhalers and anti-asthmatic drugs is determined with standard guidelines. The cost involved in use of inhalers in therapeutic inappropriateness also considered...................

 

Keywords: Inhaler usage, steps for inhaler usage, pulmonary inhalers

[1]. Ali Arab , Shibi Mary Thomas, Dr. Raju Koneri, Nastaran Talank. A prospective study on prescribing pattern of pulmonary inhalers in inpatient at a tertiary care hospital, case study Baptist hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2016). 3(6): 117-121
[2]. Al-Showair RA, Tarsin WY, Assi KH, Pearson SB, Chrystyn H. Can all patients with COPD use the correct inhalation flow with all inhalers and does training help? Respir Med. 2007;101:2395–401.
[3]. Burney J, Luczynska C, Chinn S, Jarvis D. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:1071–79
[4]. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global initiative for asthma (gina). 2012; Available at http://www.ginasthma.org/. Accessed October 2013.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Antibiotic Utilization Pattern in Surgery and Pediatric, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mahdieh Soleimani || Shivah Karamian
Page No.	::	06-10

Objective: To assess antibiotic utilization pattern in surgery and pediatric and to explore reasons for the non-adherence. Methods: A prospective clinical record review was done on 180 patients admitted in the Medicine, Surgery, and Paediatrics. The antibiotic prescription will be assessed whether it is according to hospital antibiotic policy and in case of violation the reason for it will be noted down. The incidence and cause for the nosocomial infection will be noted down. Apart from these antibiotic categories, cost of antibiotic therapy from medical bills and the cost for the antibiotics will be calculated.................

 

Keywords: Antibiotic utilization, pattern in surgery, pattern in paediatrics.

[1]. Badar V A, Navale S B. Study of Prescribing Pattern of Antimicrobial Agents in Medicine Intensive Care Unit of a Teaching Hospital in Central India. JAPI April 2012; VOL 60:20-23
[2]. Blondeau JM. Appropriate antibiotic use - past lessons provide future directions. In: Low DE, editor. Appropriate Antibiotic Use. Worcester: The Royal Society of Medicine Press Limited; 2000. pp. 1-10.
[3]. Drug Industry Employer Union. Drugs in Turkey. Istanbul; 2000.
[4]. Emori TG, Gaynes RP. An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 1993;6:428–42.
[5]. Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Crossley KB, Von Allmen SD, Mc Gowan JE Jr. Extracharges and prolongation of stay attributable to nosocomial infections: aprospective interhospital comparison. Am J Med 1981;70:51–8.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Pattern of Gynaecological Emergencies in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Southeast, Nigeria
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Innocent Igwebueze Okafor || Innocent Anayochukwu Ugwu || Franklin Ikenna Agbo
Page No.	::	11-16

Aims: To determine the pattern of gynaecological emergenciesin ESUTTH, Enugu; and generate statistics for budgeting and development of the new unit.Literature reviews on common emergencies were done. Method: The gynaecological emergencyregisterwas reviewed retrospectively from May 31, 2017 back toApril 1, 2016. Data on patient'sage, parity, provisional diagnosis, modes of care, and procedures offered patients were extracted from the register and analysed with Excel 2007 software. The results were presented in tables, percentages and figures.
Results: A total of259 patients were seen. Majority of them were of age ranges of 20-29years 106(40.9%) and30-39 years 108(41.7%) respectively. Thepatient's parities were: nulliparous 98(37.8%), multiparous 141(54.4%) and Para≥5 20(7.7%).A total of 149 (57.6%) abortions presented to the clinic.................

 

Keywords: Pattern, Gynaecological emergencies, Development, Enugu,

[1] Curtis KM, Hilis SD, Kieke BA et al. Visits to Emergency Departments for Gynaecologic Disorders in the United States 1992 – 1994. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91 (6):1007 – 1012.
[2] Fawole AO and Awonuga DO. Gynaecological Emergencies in the Tropics: Recent Advances in Management. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine. Vol.5 No1 June., 2007 pp12-20.
[3] McConkey SJ. Case series of acute abdominal surgery in rural Sierra Leone. World Journal of Surgery 2002: 26(4): 509-513.
[4] Awori MN, Jani PG. Surgical implications of abdominal pain in patients presenting to the Kenyatta national Hospital casualty department with abdominal pain. East Afr Med J 2005;82(6):307-10
[5] Hassim AM. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Lawson JB, Harrison KA and Bergs tron S. Editors.Maternity Care in Developing Countries. London: RCOG Press, 2001: Pg 291-301.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Antifungal activity of Hyptis spicigera (Lamiaceae) extracts and essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) and Cymbopogon giganteus against the growth of Aspergillus strains isolated in Burkina Faso
Country	::	Burkina Faso
Authors	::	Pane B. Ouattara–Sourabie || Philippe A. Nikiema || Alfred S. Traore
Page No.	::	17-24

Antifungal activity of local plant extracts on the growth of seven reference and local isolated strains of Aspergillus was tested. The extracts were composed of essential oils (E.O.) from Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon giganteus and Hyptis spicigera as well as extracts from roots, leafy branches and inflorescences of Hyptis spicigera with organic solvents. The antifungal test was done by disc diffusion method with the application of different concentrations of each type of extract. The results showed that inhibitory action of essential oils was concentration-dependent effect and also strain-dependent.................

 

Keywords: Antifungal Activity, Cymbopogon spp,Hyptis spicigera, Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin

[1] D.Barros, A.Torres, S. Chulze,Aspergillus flavus population isolated from soil of Argentina's peanut-growing region, Sclerotia production and toxigenic profile, J. Sci. Food. Agric., 2005, 85:2349– 2353
[2] World Health Organization (WHO). AFRO Food Saf. Newsl., 2006, 2, July. Food Safety (FOS).
[3] Y.Ito, Peterson SW, D.T.Wicklow, T. Goto Aspergillus pseudotamarii, a new aflatoxin producing species in Aspergillus section. Flavi. Mycol. Res., 2001, 105: 233-239.
[4] P. Johnsson, M.Lindblad, A.M.Thim, N.Jonsson, E.A.Vargas, N.L.Medeiros, C.Brabet, M.Quaresm de Araújo, M.Olsen . Growth of aflatoxigenic moulds and aflatoxin formation in Brazil nuts. World Mycot. J., 2008, 1(2): 127-137.
[5] M.A. Doster, P.J.Cotty, T.J.Michailides, Description of a Distinctive Aflatoxin-Producing Strain of Aspergillus nomius that Produces Submerged Sclerotia, Mycopathol., 2009, 168: 193-201.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of heavy metals on Digestive enzymes protease and invertase of Bivalve L. marginalis…..
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sandhya M. Sonawane
Page No.	::	25-31

Enzymes are referred as biological, catalysts which obey certain general rules. . The literature shows investigative lacunae with regard to effects of heavy metals on digestive processes of aquatic animals especially where fresh water molluscs are concerned. Hence an attempt has been made to study the effect of heavy metals on fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens Marginalis with respect to change in the level of digestive enzymes. In the present investigation invertase and protease activity was significantly inhibited in Lamellidens Marginalis after acute and chronic exposure of heavy metals, CuSO4, HgCl2 and CdCl2. However, among the tested heavy metals HgCl2 was found to be the potent inhibitor of invertase activity.

 

Keywords: Heavy metals, L. marginalis, protease, invertase, acute, chronic.

[1] Alam, S.M. (1984) : Some aspects of physiology of Viviparus bengalensis, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, M.S. [2] Azarbad, H., A. J. Khoi, A. Mirvaghefi, A. Danekar & M. Shapoori. 2010. Biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata in the Persian Gulf. Int. Aquat. Res. 2:61-69
[3] Campbell, J.W. (1973) : In comparative animal physiology (Ed. Prosser, C. 4) W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. [4] Crompton, T. R. 2006. Toxicants in aqueous ecosystems: a guide for the analytical and environmental chemist. New York: Springer-Verlag. 456 pp.
[5] Dalela, R.C., Rani S. and Verma, S.R. (1980): Physiological stress induced by Sublethal concentrations of Phenol and Pentachlorophenol in Notopterus notopterus; Hepatic acid and alkaline phosphate axes and a succinic dehydrogenase. Environ. Pollut., 213-218.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of heavy metals on SDH and LDH enzymes activity of Bivalve Lamellidens marginalis…..
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sandhya M. Sonawane
Page No.	::	32-39

Enzymes are referred as biological, catalysts which obey certain general rules. . The literature shows investigative lacunae with regard to effects of heavy metals on SDH and LDH activity of aquatic animals especially where fresh water molluscs are concerned. Hence an attempt has been made to study the effect of heavy metals CuSO4, HgCl2 and CdCl2 on fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens Marginalis with respect to change in the level of SDH and LDH enzymes. The depletion in the enzymatic activity may be due to the damage caused by the heavy metal to the cells of the alimentary canal. The important metabolic enzymes in the Kreb's TCA cycle like SDH and LDH were studied with respect to the heavy metal stress. It was found that the activity of SDH and LDH was depleted significantly after the heavy metal stress.

 

Keywords: Heavy metals CuSO4, HgCl2 and CdCl2 , L. marginalis, LDH, SDH, enzymes, acute, chronic.

[1] Aanand, C.S.Purushothaman, Asim K.Pal, Rajendran,(2013) Toxicological studies on effect of copper, lead and zinc on selected enzymes of the green mussel pernaviridis. Indian J. Mar.Sci, 39(20): 299-302
[2] Alam, S.M. (1984): Some aspects of physiology of Viviparus bengalensis, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, M.S.
[3] Aanand S, Purushothaman C.S, Pal A.K. (2010) : Toxicological studies on the effect of copper, lead and zinc on selected enzymes of the green mussel Perna viridis, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.39(2), June 2010, pp. 299-302
[4] Bhagyalakshmi, A. (1981) : Physiological studies on the fresh water field crab, Oxiotelphusa (Paratelphusa) senex (Feb.) in relation to pesticide impact. Ph.D. Thesis, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, A.P., India.
[5] Bodkhe, M.K. (1983) : Effects of some pesticidal pollutants on physiology of Barytelphusa cunicularis. Ph.D. thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, M.S., India.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparative Study of Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Phyllanthus niruri for Tin in Different Solutions of HCl and H2SO4
Country	::	India
Authors	::	O. P. Meena || A. Chaturvedi || R.B.Pareek
Page No.	::	40-46

The corrosion inhibition of tin in different solutions (1N, 2N, 3N) of HCl and H2SO4 by the leaves extract of Phyllanthus niruri has studied by using weight loss and thermometric methods at 303K temperature . Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. Results indicate that Phyllnthus niruri leave extract was an efficient natural corrosion inhibitor in the acidic media. In case of 3N HCl maximum inhibition efficiency (96.96%) was noted at 0.7% in inhibition concentration and in 3N H2SO4, it was found 91.30% efficiency at the same concentration of inhibitor. At lower concentration of inhibitor, better inhibition was observed in H2SO4 medium as compared to HCl..................

 

Keywords: Weight loss, Thermometric, Surface coverage, Inhibition efficiency, Corrosion rate, Phyllanthus niruri.

[1]. Devarayan K., Maya K . G. and Nagaranjan S., Chem.sci.,Rev.lett. 1(1), 1-8, 2012.

[2]. Keypour H.,Salezadeh S., Pritichand R.D. and R.V. Parish, Inorg. Chem., (11), 5787, 2000.

[3]. Ryck I.D., Biezen E.V., Leyssens K., Adriaens A., Storme P., Adams F., Journal of Cultural Heritage (5) , 189-477, 2004.

[4]. Song J., Wang L., Zibart A., Koch C., Journal Metals. (2), 2012, 450-477.,

[5]. Ghulmullah K., Salim K.M., Basirun W.J., Ali Mohm. H.B., Faraj F.L. ,Khan G.M., Int. J. Electrochem.Sci, (6) 6469-6482 ,2011.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Comparative histology aspects of the gingiva of children and adults in the University Dental Clinics
Country	::	Brazil
Authors	::	Clarisse Maria Barbosa Fonseca || Andrezza Braga Soares da Silva || Ingrid Macedo de Oliveira || Maria Michele Araújo de Sousa Cavalcante || Felipe José Costa Viana || Marcia dos Santos Rizzo || Airton Mendes Conde Júnior
Page No.	::	47-52

To study the gingival morphology of children and adults, characterizing and comparing them. After approval by the Ethics Committee and signing of the Informed Consent Term, the gingival tissue of 4 children and 5 adults with surgical needs were collected and stored in 10% formaldehyde solution (pH 7.2). The histological processing was performed with increasing alcohol battery, diaphanization in xylol, embedding, 5 μm microtome cuts and Blade mount and coverslip. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue, the slides were analyzed under light microscopy (Leica DM 2000) and photodocumented. In the gingival tissue of children and adults, epithelium of the keratinized pavement stratified type was observed. The four layers of the epithelium were identified.................

 

Keywords: Age, Gingival tissue, Morphology.

[1]. ALBANDAR J. and RAMS T., Risk factors for periodontitis in children and young persons, Periodontology 2000, 29 (1), 2002, 207-222.

[2]. ALBANDAR J. and TINOCO E., Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons, Periodontology 2000, 29(1), 2002, 153-176.

[3]. ALMEIDA T., VALVERDE T., MARTINS-JÚNIOR P., RIBEIRO H., KITTEN G. and CARVALHAES L., Morphological and quantitative study of collagen fibers in healthy and diseased human gingival tissues, Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology, 56(1), 2015, 33-40.

[4]. BARTOLD P. and NARAYANAN S., Molecular and cell biology of healthy and diseased periodontal tissues, Periodontology 2000, 40(1), 2006, 29-49.

[5]. BIMSTEIN E., MATSSON L., SOSKOLNE A. and LUSTMANN J., Histologic characteristics of the gingiva associated with the primary and permanent teeth of children, Pediatric dentistry, 16(3),1993, 206-210.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Effect of Heavy Metals on Lysosomal Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Bivalve L. marginalis…..
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sandhya M. Sonawane
Page No.	::	53-58

Enzymes are referred as biological, catalysts which obey certain general rules. The literature shows investigative lacunae with regard to effects of heavy metals on Alkaline phosphatase activity of aquatic animals especially where fresh water molluscs are concerned. Hence an attempt has been made to study the effect of heavy metals CuSO4, HgCl2 and CdCl2 on fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens Marginalis with respect to change in the level of alkaline phosphatase enzymes. The concentrations higher than those needed to prevent oxidative phosphorylation damage the mitochondrial network to a degree where the action enzyme involved in oxidative metabolism is blocked. Alkaline phosphatase showed a constant decrease after the heavy metal stress.

 

Keywords: Heavy metals CuSO4, HgCl2 and CdCl2 , L. marginalis, Alkaline phosphatase enzyme, acute, chronic.

[1]. Alam, S.M. (1984) : Some aspects of physiology of Viviparus bengalensis, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, M.S.
[2]. Anna V. Ivanina , Inna M. Sokolova (2015): Interactive effects of metal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of marine organisms, Current Zoology 61 (4): 653–668.
[3]. Bhattacharya, S., Mukherjee, S. and Bhattacharya S. (1975) : Toxic effects of endrin on hepatopancreas of the fish Clarius bactrachus (Lin.) Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 13 : 185-186.
[4]. Campbell, J.W. (1973) : In comparative animal physiology (Ed. Prosser, C. 4) W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[5]. Cohn, Z.A. and Hirsch, J.G. (1960) : The isolation and properties of the specific cytoplasmic granules of rabbit J. Exp. Med. 112 : 483-1004.