Bedsores are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin that occur especially in dependent old patient forced to immobility on bed. Common treatments provide the simple moisturizing of the purulent area thanks to powders that are apt to uptake pus and other organic fluid (as Unna's ointment or vanishing creams, containing Magnesia usta,Kieselguhr, Oenothera oil, Borrago officinalis or Tocopheryl acetate), but they do not approach the chief problem of vascularization that is always decreased.

Keywords: Bedsores,Unna's ointment, SDTI, vascularization.

[1]. Kim GD:Hesperidin Inhibits Vascular Formation by Blocking the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways; PrevNutr Food Sci. 2015 Dec; 20(4): 221–229.

[2]. Sundin BM, Hussein MA, Glasofer S, El-Falaky MH, Abdel-Aleem SM, Sachse RE, KlitzmanB.;The role of allopurinol and deferoxamine in preventing pressure ulcers in pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Apr;105(4):1408-21.

[3]. Riccioni, C.; Sarcinella, R.; Izzo, A.; Palermo, G.; Liguori, M. (2004). "Effectiveness of Troxerutin in association with Pycnogenol in the pharmacological treatment of venous insufficiency". Minerva cardioangiologica. 52 (1): 43–48. PMID 14765037.

The concept of QbD that has already given positive results, can be applied to the analytical methods as well. АQbD approach is based on ICH Q8, Pharmaceutical development; ICH Q9, Quality risk management and ICH Q10, Pharmaceutical quality system, with the same steps as in the technological process of QbD, including: definition of the аnalytical target profile, ATP; critical quality attributes of the methods, CQAs; risk assessment; method оperable design region, MODR; control strategy and lifecycle management. By applying the design of the experiments, DoE, which is used to determine the link between the factors that influence the method‟s performance and the results obtained, one acquires information for the influence of more variables............

Keywords: Analytical quality by design, analytical target profile, design of experiments, lifecycle management

[1] ICH Harmonised guideline Q2(R1) Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, 2005.
[2] FDA Guidance for industry: process validation: general principles and practices, 2011.
[3] Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation for Drugs and Biologics, Guidance for Industry, 2015.
[4] E. Rozet, E. Ziemons, RD. Marini et al. Quality by design compliant analytical method validation, Anal. Chem. 84, 2012, 106-12.
[5] ICH Harmonized guideline Q8(R2) Pharmaceutical development, 2009.

Despite considerable efforts to control the mosquito populations, dengue fever has emerged, spread and established itself rapidly. The most serious manifestations of the infection are Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Though thrombocytopenia is a distinctive characteristic of dengue, few studies have related thrombocytopenia with its clinical severity. Our research aims to study the clinical profile of patients presenting Dengue fever with thrombocytopenia & to study the outcome of patients with respect to severity of thrombocytopenia in Dengue fever and associated co morbid medical conditions. After taking informed consent, data regarding history, examination & investigations were noted & analysed further. Out of enrolled 127 patients 89(70.08%) patients were male and 38 (29.92%) were females. Mean age of presentation was 26.20 ± 10.92 years. Bleeding............

Keywords: ..........

[1]. WHO. Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
[2]. Kyle JL, Harris E. Global spread and persistence of dengue. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2008;62:71-92.
[3]. Ranjit S, Kissoon N. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes. PediatrCrit Care Med . 2011 Jan [cited 2014 Dec 21];12(1):90–100. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639791
[4]. Shivbalan S, Anandnathan K, Balasubramanian S, Datta M, Amalraj E. Predictors of spontaneous bleeding in Dengue. Indian J Pediatr 2004;71:33-6.
[5]. Makroo RN, Raina V, Kumar P, Kanth RK. Role of platelet transfusion in the management of dengue patients in a tertiary care hospital. Asian J TransfusSci 2007;1:4-7 .

The study deal with the pattern of impairedliver function or fatty liver conditions in diabetic patients. Study was conducted in Clinical Path Lab., Raipur, C.G. over the period of one year on 300 subjects out of which 150 belongs to normal subjects (NG) group and 150 diabetic subjects (DG). The male and female ratio in studied subjects was same (1:1). All the 300 subjects were divided in 4 groups on the basis of age and the value were presented in mean ± SEM for all age groups and complete liver parameters. The Diabetic Patients of all the age groups viz., G1, G2, G3 and G4 showed significant increase in S. Billirubin, S.G.O.T., S.G.P.T. and Alkaline Phosphataseas compared to that of normal subjects. The major variation in complete LFT was recorded for diabetic patients of G4 age group subjects, both in male and females from normal subjects.............

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Liver Function Test, Raipur.

[1]. Baig, N.A., Herrine, S.K. and R. Rubin (2001). Liver disease and diabetes mellitus. Clin Lab. Med., 21: 193–207.

[2]. Erbey, J.R., Silberman, C. and E.Lydick (2000). Prevalence of abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels in obese patients and patients with type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Med. 109: 588–590.

[3]. Gonem, S., Alan, W. and P. De(2007). Prevalence of abnormal liver function tests in patients with diabetes mellitus Endocrine Abstracts, 13:157.

[4]. Han, N., Soe, H.H.K. and A. Htet (2012). Determinants of Abnormal Liver Function Tests in Diabetes Patients in Myanmar International Journal of Diabetes Research 2012, 1(3): 36-41

[5]. Harris, E. H. (2005). Elevated Liver Function Tests in Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes; 23 (3): 115-119.

Lichens depsides play a key role in the pharmacological importance that contributes in managing clinical disorders. This will provide further clues whether the exogenous depsides regulates cell growth, revealing new communication avenues between organisms of different kingdoms. At this juncture, it needs to be stated that such a cross-kingdom communication so far, has not been previously considered for the lichen species of this study. Hence this work may probably, be the first attempt to explore the impact of depsides of parmelioid lichens on animal and microbial kingdom.

[1]. Adham IAJ, Dinning I, Eastwood P, Austin, Collie PJ. Cell membrane effects of some common biocides. J Ind Microbiol and Biotech. 1998; 21 : 6.
[2]. Branislav R Rankovic, Marijana M Kosanic, Tatjana P Stanojkovic. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Lecanora atra and Lecanora muralis. BMC Comp Alt Med. 2011; 11: 97 - 104.
[3]. Brooks PM, Day RO. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs--Difference and similarities. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(24):1716-1725.
[4]. Brown JE, Rice-Evans CA. Luteolin rich artichoke extract protects low density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro. Free Radical Res. 1998; 29: 247 - 255.
[5]. Chakraborty AR, Devi RK, Rita S, Sharatchandra KH, Singh TI. Preliminarystudies on antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of Spilanthes acmella in experimental animal models. Indian J Pharmacol. 2004; 36 (3): 148-150.

In according to several reports, the advantageous effects of bacteria on fish have well been documented. Probiotics as an alternative strategy have been suggested to be used as reinstatement for antimicrobial drugs and growth promoters. Some researchers believe that Probiotics have an advantages for strengthening the health of fish in aquaculture and augmenting fish performance. The present study was designed to investigate the enhanced effects in innate immunological indices of by the oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (NCDC LP20) in freshwater fish, Catla catla. Probiotic was administered orally at three different doses 1×107 (T2), 1.5×107 (T3), 2×107 (T4) cfu/g feed to Catla catla. for four weeks. The positive control group (T1) and negative control group (T5) was fed feed without probiotic for the same period. On 29thday, blood and serum samples were collected to determine differential............

Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Differential leukocyte counts, Catla catla, Lactobacillus plantarum (NCDC LP20), Respiratory burst activity, Serum bactericidal activity.

[1] Kumar, G, Sharma, R. Probiotics-the mainstay in aquaculture health management. Info fish Int. 5, 2001, 42-47.
[2] Carnevali, O, Zamponi, MC, Sulpizio, R, Rollo, A, Nardi, M, Orpianesi, C, Silvi, S, Caggiono, M, Polzonetti, AM, and Cresci, A. Administration of probiotic strain to improve sea bream well ness during development. Aquacult. Int. 12, 2004, 377-386.
[3] De-la-Banda, IG, Chereguini, O, Rasines, I. Influence of lactic acid bacterial additives on turbot (Scopthalmus maximus L.) larvae culture. Bol. Inst. Esp. Ocea norg. 8, 1992, 247-254.
[4] Austin, B, Stuckey, LF, Robertson, PAW, Effendi, I, Griffith, DRW. A probiotic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. J. Fish Dis. 18, 1995, 93-96.
[5] Barefoot, SF, Klaenhammer, TR. Detection and activity of Lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 1983, 1808-1815.

Thalassiosira weissflogiiis a unicellular microalga which was found under marine environment. It was cultivated using Guuillard and Ryther F/2 medium in transparent plastic bottle under continuous light at 20ºC for 5 days. It is then harvested and dried under shade. The dried powdered was then mixed with methanol and used for further analysis. Preliminary phytochemical constituents, primary and secondary metabolites were assessed for methanolic extract of Thalassiosira weissflogii. Pharmacognostic and physiochemical parameters were also detected to confirm the quality of the drug. Phytochemical compound such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins were present but glycosides and saponins were absent. They also yield appreciableamount of primary and secondary metabolites. Based on the pharmacognosy studies, it was found that the drug was pure which can be stored to do further studies. Thus, the methanolic extract of Thalassiosira weissflogii can be used for both in vivo and in vitro studies.

Keywords: Cultivation, Microalgae, Primary and secondary metabolites, Thalassiosira weissflogii.

[1]. Graham LE, Graham JE, Wilcox LW, Algae, 2nd ed, Benjamin Cummings (Pearson), San Francisco, 2009, 720.
[2]. Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A. Commercial applications of microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2006; 101(2): 87–96.
[3]. Roberts, K.; Granum, E.; Leegood, R. C.; Raven, J. A. (20 July 2007). "C3 and C4 Pathways of Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Marine Diatoms Are under Genetic, Not Environmental, Control". Plant Physiology. 145 (1): 230–235.
[4]. Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. Fryxell & Hasle, (1896) 1977 USGS. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
[5]. Wang J and Yin Y. fermentative hydrogen production using pretreated microalgal biomass as feedstock. Microbial cell factories. 2018; 17: 22-50.

Several medicinal plants possessed a wide range of dermatological effects included antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anticancer, hair growth-promoting activity, wound healing effects, for the treatment of burns, eczema, acne, vitiligo, and psoriasis, as skin lightening, as skin protection therapy and to slow down skin ageing. The current review will discuss the medicinal plants which showed dermatological effects and applications.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, skin, dermatology, alternative medicine, complementary medicine

[1]. Tabassum N and Hamdani M. Plants used to treat skin diseases. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8(15): 52–60.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their dermatological effects (part 1). Int J of Pharm Rev & Res 2015; 5(4):328-337.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antibacterial activity (part 1). International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2015; 6(3): 137-158.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antiviral activity (part 1). International Journal of Pharmacological Screening Methods 2015; 5(2): 72-79.
[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of plants with antifungal activity (part 1). Int J of Pharm Rev & Res 2015; 5(3):321-327.