Flame of forest, Indian dhak tree Butea monosperma popularly known as palash is the integral part of traditional system of medicine. Bark, leaf, seed and flower part of Butea monosperma are used traditionally in treating various ailments. Hence the comparative study of bark, leaf, flower and seed was undertaken to study macroscopy, microscopy. Also phytochemical screening was carried out using HPTLC technique. Also the various solvent systems were studied to optimize the separation of various phytoconstituents present and to develop chemoprofile.

Keywords: Butea monosperma, HPTLC, Authentification and identification, fingerprinting.

[1]. Marston A. Role of advances in chromatographic techniques in phytochemistry. Phytochemistry. 2007 Nov-Dec; 68(22-24):2786-98.
[2]. Karia P, Patel KV, Rathod SSP. Breast cancer amelioration by Butea monosperma in-vitro and in-vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Jan 20. pii: S0378-8741(17)33688-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.026.
[3]. Ansari MY, Khan NM, Haqqi TM A standardized extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flowers suppresses the IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6 and matrix-metalloproteases by activating autophagy in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec;96:198-207. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.140.
[4]. Kaur V, Kumar M, Kaur P et al Hepatoprotective activity of Butea monosperma bark against thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 May;89:332-341. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.165.

The use of medicinal plants is a very common practice. Anacardium occidentale L. and Psidium guajava L. are widely used because of their antidiarrheal properties. This study aimed to perform phytochemical analyses and to evaluate cytotoxicity and antibacterial potential of the barks of A. occidentale L. and P. guajava L. The exsiccates were prepared and deposited at the Antônio Dalla Martha Herbarium, located at CEULJI/ULBRA. The ethanolic extracts were carried out by maceration and the aqueous extracts by decoction. The phytochemical prospection was performed through colorimetric and precipitant tests, Artemia salina was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity, and the antibacterial analyses were carried out by disc diffusion. In both plants was confirmed presence of secondary metabolites, the ethanolic extracts showed active against S. aureus and E. coli., and the aqueous extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity only against S. aureus............

Keywords: Anacardiaceae, Antibacterial analysis, Medicinal plants, Myrtaceae, Phytochemical prospection.

[1] Firmo, WCAF, Menezes VJM, Passos CEC, Dias CN, Alves LPL, Dias ICL, Neto MS, and Olea RSGO. Contexto histórico, uso popular e concepção científica sobre plantas medicinais. Cad. Pesq., 18(1), 2011, 90-95.
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[4] BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares. Portaria n.º 971. Diário Oficial da União, n.º 84, seção I, p. 20- 24, Brasília, 04 maio 2006.
[5] BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Assistência à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no SUS: PNPIC-SUS. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2006.

The social ecology of health consists of both socio-economic and bio-ecological services as well as functions. The hygiene perception is contributed by the family education. The Institutional interfaces as well as the school environment so she is thriving with the present study is examine the general hygiene practice of school going girls in terms of 28 exogenous variables. The study was conducted in some semi-urban area of West Bengal and comprised of 190 responde3nts, i.e., school going in age category of 10-19 years. The following variables i.e. age, education, parent education, total family income, distance from home to school, BMI, haemoglobin and total calorie from diet have been found significantly correlated with a hygiene perception.............

Keywords: Hygiene perception, Body weight, Hb4, Serum Albumin, Calorie in diet.

[1]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India: Volume I. Mumbai: IIPS.
[2]. De K. A Comparative Study on Nutritional Status of Adolescents Girls of Different Rural Area of West Bengal. Anthropol. 2016; 4:4.
[3]. WHO. Health for the World's Adolescents: A second chance in the second decade. Technical Report No. WHO/FWC/MCA/14.05. WHO, Geneva. 2014.
[4]. Rani Alka et. Al, 2015, Practices and perceptions of adolescent girls regarding the impact of dysmenorrhea on their routine life : A comparative study in the urban, rural and slum areas of Chandigarh. [Int J Adolesc Med Health 2015; 24(1):1-105]
[5]. Dr Shamima Yasmin, Dr Nirmalya Manna, Dr Sarmila Mallik, Dr Ashfaque Ahmed, Dr Baisakhi Paria (Mar.- Apr. 2013).

The prevalence and antibiogram of coagulase positive Staphylococci isolated from farm animals in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudikewas investigated. A total of 200 samples from five farm animals; Goat (56), Sheep (16), Rabbit (42), Pig (58) and Cattle (50) were analyzed.108 (54%) coagulase positive Staphylococci and 43 (21.5%) coagulase negative Staphylococci were isolated, while 49 (24.5%) of the samples showed no growth. Of the 108 coagulase positive Staphylococci isolates, 40% were from goats, 26.9% from cattle, 21.3% from pigs, 12% from rabbits and 9.3% from sheep. All the 108 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were subjected to in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test using the modified Kirby- Bauer susceptibility testing technique...............

Keywords: Antibiogram, coagulase positive, farm animals, Staphylococci, Nigeria

[1] W. C.Winn, D. S.Allen, M. W.Janda, E. W.Koneman, , G.Procop, P.Schreekenbergerand G. Woods, Koneman's color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology 8th ed. (Philadelphia :Lippincott, 2006) 103-109.
[2] F.D. Lowy, Staphylococcus aureus infection,The New England Journal of Medicine,339, 1998, 520-532.
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[4] H.F. Wertheim, M.C.Vos, A.Ott, A.Van Belkum,A. Voss,J.A.Kluytmans, P.H.Vankeulen,C.M.Vandenbrouck-Grauls, M.H.Meester,H.A.Verbough,Bacteraemia in nasal carriers versus non carriers,Lancet Infectious Diseases,364, 2004, 703-705.
[5] M.L. Osuide, D.E. Agbonalahur, O.F.Imarenenzor and E.M.Odenema, Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among students of Edo State University, Ekpoma Nigeria,Journal of Medical laboratory science,5, 1996, 65-68.

Background:Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is a serious and common complication of diabetes. The most studied and clinically important form of DAN is cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Aim of study:To assess the autonomic dysfunction in diabetics electrodiagnoctically using reliable tests by SSR and R-R interval tests. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Electromyography unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital between (Feb/1/2018 – May/15/2018). It included all adult male and female with symptoms of neuropathy or autonomic dysfunction. Pregnant women were excluded from the study. Neurological tests were performed as (Sympathetic Skin Response, and R-R interval including normal and deep breath, Valsalva and tilt tests)...........

Keywords: Diabetes, Autonomic Neuropathy, RR Interval, Sympathetic Skin Response.

[1] Galtier F. Definition, epidemiology, risk factors. Diabetes Metab. 2010; 36:628–651.
[2] World Health Organization. "The top 10 causes of death Fact Sheet N°310". October 2013. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017.
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[5] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2006;29: S43–S48.

The emergence of drug resistant pathogens becomes a crucial problem for infectious diseases worldwide. Among these bacteria, P.aeruginosa is one of which highly resists to many currently used drugs and becomes a major concern in public health. Our study aims to assess an in vitro antibacterial activity of green coffee Arabica bean aqueous extract against the standard P.aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The standard bacteria, P.aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were prepared by sub-culturing a loopful of each strain in nutrient agar at 37°C for 24 hr. The turbidity of bacterial suspension was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland's standard giving a bacterial load of about 1 × 108 CFU/ ml . Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer technique and Zone of inhibition was measured to the nearest millimeter using scale. Aqueous extracts of coffee were obtained by a coffee brewing procedure and the antibacterial activity of green coffee Arabica bean extract was determined by disc diffusion method. Green coffee Arabic bean aqueous extract showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Multidrug-resistant P.aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.2 mg/ml and MBC of 0.25 mg/ml.

[1]. Savage,MM.Microfloraand the antimicrobial activity of coffee https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283016894_Microflora_The_Antimicrobial_

Activity_of_Coffee.2015.
[2]. Chatterjee M., Anju.C P, Biswas.L., Kumar. VA., Mohan. CG, Biswas. R.Antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa and alternative therapeutic options International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2016;306(1): 48-58.
[3]. Minandri. F, Imperi. F., Frangipani. E,Bonchi. C., Visaggio. D, Facchini. M, Visca, P.Role of iron uptake systems in P. aeruginosa virulence and airway infection. Infection and immunity. 2016; 84(8): 2324-2335.
[4]. PandyaHJ,Kanakasabapathy.MK, Verma.S, Chug. MK,Memic.A.,Gadjeva.M, Shafiee.H Label-free electrical sensing of bacteria in eye wash samples: A step towards point of care detection of pathogens in patients with infectious keratitis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2017; 91 :32-39.
[5]. Deressa. T, Tamiru. T, Biadgo. B, Belete. D, Zewdu, S. Antimicrobial Potentials of ApisMultiflora Honey in Combination with Coffee and Cinnamon Extracts against Common Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Med Aromat Plants.2015; 4(208): 2167-0412

currently there is a growing interest in use of medicinal plants. This has led to amplified need of scientific analysis of their safety and extractive phytochemical component, thus providing health care workers with adequate knowledge regarding the plants, and this in turn will assist patients make informed choice on their utilization. The bark extract of Prunus africana (P.africana) has been used traditionally for decades in the treatment of various conditions such as abdominal upset, decreased appetite, fever, malaria, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The stem bark of P.africana was evaluated for its phytochemical constituents and acute toxicity effect on fifteen female wistar rats. The bark extract was collected in Mukurweini in Nyeri County, Kenya............

[1]. Kiran Tewari, Panchkula (IN); Ashok Sharma P (IN). ( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No .: United States Pat. 2016;2(12).
[2]. Agency EM. Assessment report on Prunus africana ( Hook f .) Kalkm ., cortex. 2015;44(November).
[3]. Papaioannou M, Jena U. Extracts from Pygeum africanum and Other Ethnobotanical Species with Antiandrogenic Activity. 2017;(August 2006). doi:10.1055/s-2006-946638.
[4]. Nsawir AT, Manager O. Prunus africana : Money growing on trees ? A plant that can boost rural economies in the Cameroon Highlands Submitted to FAO Nature & Faune Journal Issue 22 " The value of biodiversity " Prunus africana : Money growing on trees ? A plant that can boost ru. 2007;(22).
[5]. Bii C, Korir KR, Rugutt J, Mutai C. The potential use of Prunus africana for the control , treatment and management of common fungal and bacterial infections. 2010;4(11):995-998. doi:10.5897/JMPR09.227.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin C (Vit C) on the growth, blood parameters, haematocrit and survival in juvenile of carp fish Catla catla. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) requirement of juvenile Catla catla was also studied by incorporating varying levels of Ascorbic acid in a 20% crude protein diet to obtain 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 120 mg ascorbic acid equivalent kg-1diet. Juvenile fish of 5.25g ± 0.03g initial body weight were used for the present study. After 120 days of the experiment, the fish fed AA supplemented diets induced significantly (P<0.05) higher specific growth rate (SGR), protein conversion efficiency (PCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and significantly (P<0.05) better feed conversion ratios (FCR) than fish fed with non supplemented diet. Fish fed non supplemented diet recorded a 15% rate of mortality, where as those fed with a diet supplemented with 120 mg ascorbic acid kg-1 had mortality as low as 0.05%. Haematological indices showed a significant increase (P<0.05) with dietary AA levels..........

Keywords: Catla catla, ascorbic acid, supplemented diet, specific growth rate, Feed Conversion Ratio, Supplementation.

[1]. Xiong‐Pei, Liang, Yi Li, Yin‐Mei Hou, Hong Qiu, Qi‐Cun Zhou. Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance, antioxidant ability and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson). Aquaculture Research. 48 (1),2017, 149-160.
[2]. Azad, IS, Dayal, JS, M. Poornima, M, Ali, SA. Supra dietary levels of vitamins C and E enhance antibody production and immune memory in juvenile milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) to formalin-killed Vibrio vulnificus. Fish and Shellfish Immunolog. 23, 2007.154-163.
[3]. Verlhac, V., Gabaudan, J, Obach, A, Schüep, W, and Hole, R. Influence of dietary glucan and vitamin C on non-specific and specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 143(2), 1996, 123-133.
[4]. Hardie, LJ, Fletcher, TC. and Secombes, CJ. The effect of vitamin E on the immune response of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture. 1990. 87, 1–13.

The present study was performed to assess the in vitro acid neutralizing capacity and H+/K+ - ATPase inhibition activity of a chloroform extract of polyherbal mixture. In acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), the extract significantly reduced ANC to 7.3 at concentration of 1500mg as compared to 13.7 with standard Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide (500mg). While in H+/K+ - ATPase inhibition activity, the extract showed maximum percentage inhibition of 63.78% at the concentration 100μg as compared to 69.76% with standard Omeprazole. The IC 50 value of chloroform extract of polyherbal mixture is 53.43 μg in comparison with standard Omeprazole 56.45 μg. The study reveals that the chloroform extract of polyherbal mixture may contain compounds possessing antacid and enzyme inhibition activity and thus can be used as an alternative medicine for gastrointestinal diseases.

Keywords: Polyherbal mixture, In vitro, Acid Neutralizing capacity (ANC), H+/K+ - ATPase inhibition activity, IC 50 value.

[1]. Khatib N, Angel G, Nayna H, Kumar JR. Gastroprotective activity of the aqueous extract from the roots of Daucus carota L in rats. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 2010 Sept-Oct;1(1):112-119.
[2]. Fegade H, Gigani Y, Vekaria A, et. al. Evaluation of ulcer protective effects of Ocimum sanctum and Zingiber officinalis as herbo-formulation for aspirin induced ulcerations in Albino rats. Der Pharmacia Sinica 2011;2(2):46-53.
[3]. Elizabeth Boskey. What In Vitro means in Research Studies. Verywell Health. Updated December 28, 2017. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-in-vitro-biological-3132872
[4]. Fatima S et. al. Evaluation of Antiulcer activity of 70% Hydroethanolic leaf extract of Argemone mexicana Linn. in experimental rats. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2016; 6(4): 41-50.