Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by a spurt in physical, endocrinal, emotional, and mental growth, with a change from complete dependence to relative independence. Objectives:-To assess the level of dysmenorrhoea among the students. To assess the coping practices on dysmenorrhoea among the students.To assess the effect of pelvic rolling exercises on dysmenorrhoea among the students. To find correlation of level of dysmenorrhoea with selected demographic variables among the students. Methodology: Research design - one group pretest post-test pre experimental. Population: 60 adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea. Sample: adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea. Sample technique: purposive. Sample size: 60 adolescent girls Result: On day 1 pretest, 45% of the students was hurting a whole lot (score 8) and it is reduced to hurting little bit (score 2) for 68.3%. Conclusion: The researcher can conclude that pelvic rolling exercises are proved to be effective in reducing the level of dysmenorrheal.

Keywords: Assess, Effect , Pelvic rolling Exercises, Dysmenorrhoea.

[1]. Amanda, "Pelvic Rolling Exercise is effective in preventing and treating symptoms of dysmenorrhoea", A Comprehensive and Critical Review of the Literature, 2009,15(2):27-28
[2]. BasavanthappaBT,"Nursing Research.JP Brothers Medical publicaters, Delhi India,2007,51-56.
[3]. Campbell, "Non-pharmacological strategies used by adolescents for the management of menstrual discomfort", The clinical Journal of Pain,15(4), 2007,313-320.
[4]. Dawn C S, Textbook of Gynaecology, Contraception and Demography, Dawn books publishers, Kolkata, India, 14, 2003, 77-79.

An unknown impurity in the tablet of metformin hydrochloride was observed by reversed phase gradient high pressure liquid chromatography at 35.5 min. This enriched impurity was isolated, and Characterized with mass and NMR spectral study. Based on spectral data the impurity was identified as N, N-Dimethylamidino.

Keywords: Mass spectrometry, Metformin HCl, NMR, Preparative HPLC, Unknown impurity.

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/metformin hcl
[2]. Mousumi Kar and P. K. Choudhury, HPLC Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Formulated Microspheres and Tablet Dosage Form, Indian J Pharm Sciences, 71(3), 2009, 318-320.
[3]. Mohammed Shahid Ali, Syed Rafiuddin, Mohsin Ghori and Aamer Roshanali Khatri, Simultaneous Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride, Cyanoguanidine and Melamine in Tablets by Mixed-Mode HILIC, Chromatographia, 67(7-8), 2008, 517-525.
[4]. P Umapathi , J.Ayyappan and S Darlin Quine, Quantitative Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablet Formulation Containing Croscarmellose Sodium as Disintegrant by HPLC and UV Spectrophotometry, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11(1), 2012, 107-116.
[5]. Mohammed sayeed arayane, najama sultana and hashim zuberi, Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for analysis of metformin, Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences, 19(3), 2006, 231-235.

Background: Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. So in the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of rasayana in Mudhata. Objectives : To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Saraswatharishta in Mudhata / Intellectual Disability of Children. Methods: Study design: It was an open labeled clinical study with pre and post test design where in minimal 30 patient suffering from Intellectual Disability will be selected and the parameters of signs and symptoms were recorded and scored based on the standard scoring methods and analyzed statistically. Source of data: A minimum of 30 children suffering from Intellectual Disability............

Keywords: Mudhata, Intellectual Disability, Saraswatarishta

[1]. American psychiatry association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders washington, dc,london, england: american psychiatry publishing; 5th ed. 2013p.33 pp.977
[2]. american psychiatry association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders washington, dc,london, england: american psychiatry publishing; 5th ed. 2013 p.39 pp.977
[3]. Sastri Harigovinda .Edited; Amarasimha Amarakosa ;Varanasi; Choukambha Sanskrit Bhawan; Edition 2006; P 654/492
[4]. Sri varada prasada vasuna Tadanujena Sri haricharan vasunecha; Sabda Kalpadruma; Triteeya Khanda ;Naga Publishers ;Reprint 1978; P 792/758
[5]. Acharya aYdavji Trikamji ,edited ;Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita ; Varanasi: Chaukamba publication, Reprint 2014 , P738 /265

Background-women health is have a great prime important in the society. If she becomediseased, causes impact on family and society. Streekarabhava are the lakshana told in classics and present in every female community. Vitiation of these lakshsna by different causative factor leads to dhusti consider as streekarabhavadhusti. Roughly it can be correlated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The symptoms start one week prior to onset of menses and suppressed after menstrual cycle. The symptoms are mood swing, difficulty in concentrating, depressed mood, anxiety, tension, sleep disturbance along with physical symptoms like joint pain, muscle pain and breast tenderness.Drug shatavari having medya and rasayana effect and best for females. So in present study an attempt is made to evaluate the effect of shatavarichurnain streekarabhavadhusti disorder............

Keywords: streekarabhavadhusti; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; Shatavarichurna.

[1]. Acharya Agnivesha.Acharya Charaka,Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, editor s. Acharya Chakrapani Dutta. Charaka Smihita with Ayurveda Dipika commentary,2013 reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Prakasha; Pp-738.p318
[2]. Subhash.C.Bhatta. Shashi K Bhatt. Diagnosis and Treatment of PMDD 2002.October Volume 66. Number-7.P.1.1pp.10.www.aafb.org/afp
[3]. American Psychiatry Associations. Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders 5th ed. 2013 Washington, DC,London, England: American Psychiatry Publishing; pp.977. p.171
[4]. Bhava Mishra,Prof.K.C Chunekar editor Late Dr.G.S.Pandey 2010 reprint ed. Varanasi: Chakhambha Bharati Academy ;Pp960,p-389
[5]. Acharya Agnivesha.Acharya Charaka,Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, editor s. Acharya Chakrapani Dutta. Charaka Smihita with Ayurveda Dipika commentary,2013 reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Prakasha; Pp-738.p299

Heavy metal and pesticide pollutants cause stress to the aquatic organism and change its metabolic activity. The heavy metal pollutants give rise to alterations in the metabolic and physiological activity both after short and long term exposures. To investigate the physiological changes after pesticide and heavy metal treatment the most fundamental one would be the study of change in the biochemical constituents. Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are the important metabolites which provide energy to different vital processes. They glycogen content in freshwater bivalve, L. marginalis was altered indicating the effects of heavy metals. The average glycogen content in acute and chronic treatment by heavy metal copper sulphate was decreased in the whole body...........

Keywords: Heavy metals CuSO4 , L. marginalis, Glycogen, digestive gland, acute, chronic.

[1]. Abel, P.D. (1974) : Toxicity of synthetic detergent to fish and aquatic vertebrates. J. Fish. Biol., 6 : 279-298.
[2]. Banerjee, S.K. and Ghosh, S.D. (1978) : Toxicity of cadmium : A comparative study in the air breathing fish Clarius bactrachus (Linn.) and in the non air breathing one, Tilapia mossambica (Peters). Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 16 : 1274.

[3]. Banerjee, S.K., Dastidar, S.G., Mukhopadhya, P.K. and Dehadari, P.V. (1978) : Toxicity of cadmium : A comparative study in air breathing fish, Clarius batrachus (Linn.) and in non air breathing one Tilapia mossambica (Peters), Indian J. Exp. Biol., 16 : 1274-1277.
[4]. Bhagalakshmi, A. (1981) : Physiological studies on the fresh water field crab, Oziotelphusa (Paratelphusa) senex senex (Fabricus) in relation to impact., Ph.D. thesis, Shri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati, A.P., India.
[5]. Calvin D.B. (1931) : Glycogen content of freshwater mussels. Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol. Med., 29 : 96-97.

Solid dispersion systems have been realized as extremely useful tool in improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs2. In recent years, a great deal of knowledge has been accumulated about solid dispersion technology, but their commercial application is limited. Various methods have been tried recently to overcome the limitation and make the preparation practically feasible. The problems involved in incorporating into formulation of dosage forms have been gradually resolved with the advent of alternative strategies. These include methods like spraying on sugar beads and direct capsule filling. Although there are some hurdles like scale up and manufacturing cost to overcome, there lies a great promise that solid dispersion technology will hasten the drug release profile of poorly water soluble drugs.

Keywords: .............

[1]. Youn YS, Improved intestinal delivery of salmon calcitonin by Lys18- amine specific PEGylation: Stability, Permeability,Pharmacokinetic behavior and in vivo hypocalcemic efficacy. J. Contr. Rel.2006; 114: 334–342.
[2]. Patil RM, Maniyar AH, Kale MT, Akarte AM, Baviskar DT, Solid Dispersion: Strategy to enhance solubility, Int.J Pharm Sci. Review &Reasearch. 2011; 8(2): 66-73.
[3]. ShethNS,Formulation and evaluation of solid dispersion of Olanzepine, Int.J Pharm Sci. Review & Reasearch.2011; 2(3): 691-697.
[4]. ArunachalamA,KarthikeyanM,KonamK,Prasad HP, SethuramanS,Ashutoshkumar S, Solid Dispersions:A Review, Current PharmaResearch.2010; 1(1): 82-90.

The use of herbal preparations in the treatment of diseases is very common in the rural communities of world. Cassia auriculata is frequently used for the treatment of infections, pathologies of the skin disease, fever, liver injury and others diseases involving inflammation and pain. By the help of Cassia auriculata leaves extract with silver nitrate source materials, silver NPs were prepared by using Reflux method. The Cassia auriculata leaves extract acts as a reducing agent and the reduced silver NPs are having the size of nearly 59 nm. XRD analysis explains the structural studies of the prepared NPs, FTIR studies interferes the vibrational modes of NPs. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of Cassia auriculata and anticancer activity results were tabulated in the Tables.

Keywords: Cassia auriculata leaves (C.auriculata), Ag NPS, reflux method and phytochemical analysis

[1]. Surana S, Patra RK, Nedevschi S, Ramos M, Subramanian L, Ben-David Y, Brewer EA. Beyond Pilots: Keeping Rural Wireless Networks Alive. InNSDI, 2008 Apr 16 (Vol. 8, pp. 119-132).

[2]. Ravishankar B, Shukla VJ. Indian systems of medicine: a brief profile. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2007;4(3):319-37.

[3]. Ramamurthy V, Rajeswari DM, Gowri R, Vadivazhagi MK, Jayanthi G, Raveendran S. Study of the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Dodonaea viscosa. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology. 2013;1(2).

[4]. Raja SK, Ganesh S. Avimanyu,"Evaluation of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Candida glabrata and Fusarium oxysporum. International Journal of Medicobiological Research. 2011;1(3):130-6.

[5]. Venkatpurwar V, Pokharkar V. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine polysaccharide: Study of in-vitro antibacterial activity. Materials Letters. 2011 Mar 31;65(6):999-1002.

The field experiments were conducted at Student Instructional Farm of CSAUAT Kanpur, during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. The objective of investigation was to study the effect of foliar applied thio-urea with different doses on plant traits (morphological, yield and its components) of two wheat varieties under drought and irrigated condition. It was designed in split-split plot design with three replications. The two conditions i.e., drought (I0) and irrigated (I1) conditions were allocated in the main plots and two wheat varieties i.e., V1 (K-1006) and V2 (K-307) in sub plot and for each five chemical treatments were applied as foliar spray at heading stages by 500 ppm (T3) and 1000 ppm thio-urea (T4), along with control (T0) in sub-sub plots. The significantly higher grain yield (5.30 & 5.26 gm) with best morpho-physiological. Next to this were 500ppm thio-urea (T3) i.e., 5.12 & 5.08, 1000ppm thio-urea (T4) i.e., 5.08 & 5.03 as compare to control (T0) i.e., 4.39 & 4.35 gm. Among cultivars, maximum responsive was K-1006 (V1) in most of traits and gave significantly higher grain yield (5.26 & 5.30) and and minimum in K--307 (V2) i.e., 5.08 & 5.12 gm with both concerning experimental years.

Keywords: Growth parameter, yield parameter, foliar spray on thio-urea, drought and irrigated conditions.

[1]. Abida Perveen, Iqbal Hussain, Rizwan Rasheed, Saqib Mahmood and Abdul Wahid (2013). Growth bioregulatory role of root-applied thiourea: changes in growth, toxicity symptoms and photosynthetic pigments of maize. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences; 50(3): 455-462. 31.
[2]. Anonymous (2016). ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal. Annual Reports 2016-17.
[3]. Bavita Asthir, Kaur Ravneet and Bains N. S. (2015). Variation of invertase activities in four wheat cultivars as influenced by thiourea and high temperature. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum; 37(1):1712. 30.
[4]. Costa R., Pinheiro N., Ameida A. S., Gomes C., Coutinho J., Coco J., Costa A. and Nacãs B. (2013). Effect of Sowing Date and SeedingRate on Bread Wheat Yield and Test Weight underMediterranean Conditions.Emir. J. Food Agric. 25: 951- 961.
[5]. Fisher R.A. (1937). Statistical analysis. Oliver Boyed. London and Edinurg.

Background: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) cause an acute hepatitis in human. The disease is endemic in many developing countries and epidemic in some industrialized countries. The virus is being transmitted by food safety and it is recognized as zoonotic disease. Many animals act as reservoir of HEV infection, one of them is goat. HEV has four genotypes, genotype 1 and 2 of HEV are infectious to human, the genotype 3 and 4 of HEV are infectious to animals and these genotypes are zoonotic. Methodology: We collected plasma samples of goats from breeding farms in 12 federal states in Germany. Then we collected plasma from blood and created pools that contain five plasma samples and depending on quality of hemolytic of plasma samples, breed and owner of breeding farm in every federal state. After that, we analyzed the HEV antibody by Axiom-ELISA..........

Keywords: Hepatitis E Virus, HEV, goat plasma samples.

[1]. Anonimous. Hepatitis E Virus. The Center for Food Security and Public Health. IOWA State University. 2015
[2]. Aggarwal R.: Hepatitis E: Does it cause chronic hepatitis? Hepatology. 2008;48:1328–1330
[3]. Cossaboom C, Cordoba L, Dryman B, et al.: Hepatitis E virus in rabbits, Virginia, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17:2047-2049.
[4]. Dalton HR, Bendall R, Ijaz S, et al.: Banks M: Hepatitis E: an emerging infection in developed countries. Lancet Infect Dis 2008, 8:698-709.
[5]. Dong C, Meng J, Dai X, et al.: Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Dec; 49(12): 4164–4172. doi: 10.1128/JCM.05481-11 PMCID: PMC3232956

The pharmacological studies showed that many medicinal plant possessed antiinflammatory activity. Biochemical and molecular investigations revealed that the anti-inflammatory activities of medicinal plants and plant-derived compounds were related to their interactions with several key enzymes, signaling cascades involving cytokines and regulatory transcription factors, and to their antioxidant effects. The current review highlighted the medicinal plants possessed antiinflammatory effects with special focus on their mode of action.

Keywords: Medicinal plants , Antiinflammatory, Therapeut,ic, Arthritis, Mechanism

[1]. Orhan IE . Biotechnological production of plant secondary metabolites. Bentham ebook, 2012: 107.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Eupatorium cannabinum- A review. Indo Am J P Sci 2017; 4(01): 160-168.
[3]. Yatoo MI, Gopalakrishnan A, Saxena A, Parray OR, Tufani NA, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Dhama K and Iqbal HMN. Anti-Inflammatory drugs and herbs with special emphasis on herbal medicines for countering inflammatory diseases and disorders - A review. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018 Jan 15. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180115153635.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of plants with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity (part 1). Int J of Pharmacy 2015; 5(3): 125-147.
[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Medicinal plants possessed anti-inflammatory antipyretic and analgesic activities (part 2)- plant based review. Sch Acad J Pharm 2016; 5(5): 142-158.

The phytochemical analysis showed that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis contained tannins, anthraquinones, quinines, phenols, flavanoides, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, protein, free amino acids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, mucilage, essential oils and steroids. The previous pharmacological studies revealed that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis possessed reproductive, antidiabetic, fibrinolytic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, immuno-modulatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, memory enhancement, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, dermatological, anti-haemolytic, urinary, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antitussive and many other effects. The current review will discuss the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and therapeutic importance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.

Keywords: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, chemical constituents, pharmacology, therapeutic, side effects.

[1]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their detoxification capacity and protective effects (part 1). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 2015; 5(4): 257-270.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of plants with hypolipidemic, hemostatic, fibrinolytic and anticoagulant effects (part 1). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 2015; 5(4): 271-284.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their effect on reproductive systems ( part 1). Ind J of Pharm Sci & Res 2015; 5(4): 240-248.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their gastro-intestinal effects (part 1). Ind J of Pharm Sci & Res 2015; 5(4): 220-232.
[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, molluscicidal and insecticidal activity (part 1). J of Pharmaceutical Biology 2015; 5(3): 203-217.