The purpose of the present study is to quantify bioactive compounds including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and saponins in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of male and female Carica papaya Linn tree leaves separately. Phenoliccontents in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of male tree leaves were found to be significantly different as compared to female (p-value <0.01). Alkaloids were found abundantly in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of female tree leaf (p-value <0.01). Flavonoids were found with no significant difference, in aqueous extracts (p-value =0.01) and in ethanolic extracts (p-value =0.04) using independent t-test. Saponins were also significantly different in both male and female aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts (p-value <0.01). The results reflected that aqueous extracts from female plant is richer in alkaloids while male leaves are richer in phenols...............

Key Words: Alkaloids, phenolic contents, flavonoids, saponins,quality standard.

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Background: Standardization of Siddha medicine is necessary one in this scientific word "Nilavagaai chooranam‟ is a herbo- mineral preparation indicated for various diseases including skin diseases. Aim and Objective: To do the phytochemical and physicochemical analysis for the drug "Nilavagaai chooranam‟ Material and Methods: The drug prepared as per the method mentioned in the classical Siddha literature. The drug is subjected to physico chemical analysis such as total ash, loss on drying, microbial load, heavy metal analysis, pesticide residues, aflatoxins, thin layer chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography as per the pharmacopical laboratory standards of Indian medicine. Results and Conclusion: The drug had no microbial contamination and shows positive for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, gum & mucilage, quinones etc. The ash value is 9.13%. The heavy metals such as lead and mercury are below detectable limit.

Key Words: Herbo-mineral, Siddha, Physico chemical analysis, High performance thin layer chromatography.

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Moringa Oleifera is a medicinal plant widely used in folkloric medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of wounds, malaria and skin diseases. This research work investigated the alkaloid content, phytochemical content and the antimicrobial potential of the root extract of Moringa oleifera. The phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of alkaloid, steroidal glycosides, deoxy-sugar, terpenes, carbohydrates, tannins, proteins, polyphenols and saponins. The extract produced antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella typhi staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus Subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The quantitative determination of the alkaloid content yielded a valueof 55mg (1.1%). The chromatographic separation of the extract produced 91 eluates (G1 - G91). Eluates G42 – G44 with the Retention factor value of 0.54 each were pooled together and preserved for spectroscopic analysis. The phytochemical compounds present in the plant are believed to be responsible for the antimicrobial activities.

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The time period "microemulsion" refers to a thermodynamically stable isotropically clear dispersion of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, stabilized by way of an interfacial film of surfactant molecule. Now a day Microemulsion is an rising alternate and having global significance in a variety of technological applications. These applications include more advantageous oil recovery, combustion, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, metal cutting, lubrication, food, enzymatic catalysis, organic and bio-organic reactions, chemical synthesis of nanoparticles etc. This evaluation article deals with feature and application of microemulsion. a quick introduction and definition, structure, type, formation characteristics, stability, section behavior and the effect of additives, pressure, temperature on the phase behavior of microemulsion.

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BACKGROUND: In surgical wards, surgical management cannot be completed without the use of drugs for different reasons such as, Infections, Pain, Nausea, Vomiting etc. Therefore, it would be better if prescription monitoring is done periodically in the surgical wards for timely upgrading of prescribing pattern of medications and also to reduce the untoward effects OBJECTIVE: To analyse the surgical conditions, pre and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, postoperative analgesics and antiemetic use. Also the use of other supportive therapies in improving patients Quality of Life METHODOLOGY: A prospective Observational study involving analysis of surgical inpatients and there prescriptions using patient data collection form for a study period of 6 months...........

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