The objective of the present study was to formulate Niosomal gel of Piroxicam to prevent severe gastrointestinal side effects associated with its oral administration as well as to improve the residence time of drug into skin to enhance anti inflammatory activity. Present study was carried out by preparing total nine formulations(A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) of niosomes of piroxicam using appropriate ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant by thin film hydration method and prepared niosomes formulation were evaluated for Vesicle diameter, Drug content, Drug entrapment efficiency, SEM & in-vitro drug release. Best batch thus selected was further formulated as niosomal gel (F1, F2, F3, F4) using different gelling agents that is HPMC, CMC, MC, Sodium alginate..............

Keywords: Niosomal Gel, piroxicam, polymers, HPMC, sodium alginate.

[1]. Rangasamy M., Formulation and in vitro evaluation of niosomes encapsulated acyclovir. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2008; 1(2):163-166.
[2]. Sundaresan, P., evaluation of aceclofenac niosomes prepared by various techniques. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2012; 16(1):75 -78.
[3]. P. Sundaresan, evaluation of aceclofenac niosomes prepared by various techniques. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2012; 16(1):75 -78.
[4]. Vinod K.R, Sravani P: Transdermal drug delivery system – overcoming challenge of popular drug delivery system. International Journal of pharma World Research 2010; 1 (3):38-42.
[5]. Sachan N.K, Pushkar Seema: Transdermal approaches in the drug delivery. Derpharmacia letter 2009; 1:34-47.

In order to determine the efficacy of native Trichoderma spp. against Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose of soybean, in vitro and in vivo experiment were conducted during kharif season 2015-16 in Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur. The pathogen was isolated and identified followed by pathogencity test. Effect of volatile compound produced by Trichoderma spp. was studied against the isolated pathogen. Two isolates of T. harzianum viz., KU933468 and KU933474 recorded highest inhibition of 31.76% against C. truncatum. Effect of non-volatile compound produced by Trichoderma spp. was also studied on the pathogen at 7.5% v/v concentration and 15% v/v concentration..........

Keywords: Soybean, anthracnose, Colletotrichum truncatum, Trichoderma spp., Manipur

[1]. Anonymous. Integrated pest management of oilseeds crops. 1999; 5:195-222.
[2]. Begum, M.M., Sarah, M.M., Puteh, A.B. and Abidin, M.A.Z. (2008). Pathogenecity of Colletotrichum truncatum and its influence on Soybean seed quality. Int. J. Agri. Biol., 10: 393-398.
[3]. Begum MM, Sariah M, Puteh AB, Abidin MAZ, Rahman MA, Siddiqui Y. Antagonistic potential of selected fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents against Colletotrichum truncatum of soybean seeds. J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 2008; 31(1):45-53.
[4]. Claydon N, Allan M, Hanso JR, Avent AG. Antifungal alkyl pyrones of Trichoderma harzianum. T. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 1987. 88:503-513.
[5]. Copeland LO, McDonald MB. Principles of Seed Science and Technology. 2001; (4thed.). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Netherlands.

In this study Eudragit RL 100 facilitated microsponges were prepared by the double emulsification technique (Quasi emulsion technique) and subsequently dispersed in a carbopol gel base for controlled delivery of roxithromycin to the skin. The microsponges formulations were prepared by quasiemulsion solvent diffusion method employing Eudragit RL 100 as a polymer. The compatibility of the drug with formulation components was established by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology, particle size, production yield, and drug content and encapsulation efficiency of microsponges were examined. Shape and surface morphology of the microsponges were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Particle size of prepared microsponges was observed in the range.........

Keywords: Microsponges, Roxithromycin, Eudragit RL 100, Sustained and controlled release, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

[1]. Upadhye SS,Kothali BK, Apte AK, Patil AA, Danole AB. A review on microsponge drug delivery system. IJPRBS.2016;5(1) 152-166.
[2]. Patel EK and Oswal RJ. Nanosponges and microsponges: a novel drug delivery system. IJRPC.2012, 2(2): 237-244.
[3]. Mohite PB, Khanage SG, Harishchander VS, Shirsath Y. Recent advances in microsponges drug delivery system. J Crit. Rev. 2016;3(1):9-16.
[4]. Ramadevi B, Ramesetti RD, Srinath N,Chaitanya DSP. Microsponges: as a novel imperative for drug delivery system. RJPT 2013; 13-14.
[5]. Pradhan SK. Microsponges as versatile tool for drug delivery system. IJRPC. 2011: 1(2): 243-258.

The medicinal plants are an important source of many biological active products. The existence of the above-mentioned plants with therapeutic potential constitutes a pharmacological alternative in the treatment of one without number of diseases of there the importance of realizing studies on inventories, diagnosis and new medicaments. The aim of this study was to identify the medicinal wild plants used by the inhabitants of the municipality of Mapimi, Durango. Mexico. There were realized a total of 170 individual interviews to persons of both genus, 40 surveys to fieldworkers of Bermejillo's communities, The Victoria, Montes ofOca, Roma Texas, San José of Bellavista, San Isidro, Mapimí, Ceballos Yermo, ThePorvenir, TheJaralito, and Santa Elena. 16 plants were identified by medicinal use, belonging to 14 genders and 8 families. There was identified the genders of the medicinal wild plants used by the inhabitants of the municipality of Mapimí, Dgo., inside the most common they find the kinds Agave, Opuntia and Euphorbia.

Key words: medicinal wild plants, Agave, Opuntia, Euphorbia.

[1]. Soni P, Siddiqui AA, Dwivedi J. A review on ethanomedical, phytochemical profile of Musa paradisiaca. Global J Pharm Res. 2013; 2:1549-1560.
[2]. Lozoya X. Two decades of Mexican ethnobotany and research in plant drugs. Ciba FoundSymp. 1994; 185: 130-140.
[3]. OMS. Estrategia de la OMS sobre Medicina Tradicional 2002-2005. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Geneva, Suiza, 2002.
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/s2299s/s2299s.pdf
[4]. Pandey N, Barve D. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Annona squamosaLinn. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2011; 2(4): 1404-1412.
[5]. Navghare V, Dhawale S, Nalbalwar N, Thakur S, Kadam S. Pharmacological and Phytochemical evaluation of Musa species: a review. Inventi Rapid: Ethnopharmacology 2012.

Heavy metals such as Arsenic, lead, mercury are used in Siddha Medicine to prepare some high quality medicines from ancient time. They used in very small dose with particular anupaanam(vehicle) for a short period. According to Siddha Pharmacology most of these metals and minerals produce toxic effects in human body when they used without suththi . Suththi is the technical method to reduce or remove the toxic effect of these minerals. There are several suththi methods mentioned in Siddha literatures for a single drug. It may or may not be a single process. No medicinal preparation is done without prior Suththi process. This paper deals with the chemical changes of Thaalakam (Yellow Arsenic Trisulphide) by different suththi methods. Atomic percentage of arsenic was decreased by all the suththi processes in this study.

Keywords: Thaathu section, Siddha Medicine, Thaalakam, Suththi, arsenic

[1]. Kusumaratne.K.L.S, (2005), Indigenous Medicine in Sri Lanka A Sociological Analysis – Sarasavi Publishers, 30 Stanly Thilakaratne Mawatha, Nugegoda. P43,44
[2]. Rob Gair (2008) Heavy Metal Poisoning from Ayurvedic Medicines – BC Medical Journal Vol.50,No 2,p 105
[3]. Health Canada –(2018) , The WHO Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal, October, 29
[4]. Edzard Ernst, (2015), Heavy Metal Poisoning as a result of Using Ayurvedic Remedies, https://edzard Ernst.com/2015/05/com/about.
[5]. WebMD, (2004), Ayurvedic Medicine may contain Toxic Metals – https://www.webMD.com/balance/news/.../

The herbal drug Aerva lanata, basically the decoction of leaves of Aerva lanata. Linn -the plant which isbeing commonly used in Siddha System of Medicine, is evaluated for Nephroprotective activity in animal model. Toevaluate the efficacy of Aerva lanata in the management of Renal function impairment. The Nephroprotectiveactivity of the drug in Gentamicin models was evaluated in Wistar albino rats. The rats in prophylactic group weretreated with the decoction of leaves of Aerva lanata at the low dose of 150 mg and 600 mg/ kg. The Gentamicin models of rats treated with the drug at the dose of 600.0 mg/kg orally for 10 days showed significant reduction inthe level of Blood urea (P < 0.02) and Serum Creatinine with the significance of (P < 0.05). Histopathology alsoreveals the reduction in the degree of renal damage. These findings suggest that the drug possess Nephroprotective activity with minimal toxicity and could offer promising role in the management of renal damage caused byNephrotoxins like Gentamicin.

[1]. Gerard j. toratora, Bryan derrickson. Principles of anatomy and physiology.2009;12: 1018- 1023.
[2]. The-Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. Nephron. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc.2015:01- 02.
[3]. Ross and Wilson. Anatomy and physiology in health and illness.2004:353-354.
[4]. Longo, Fauchi, kasper, hauser, jameson, loscalzo.Harrison's manual of medicine. 2013; 18:954-960.
[5]. Sun Young Kim and Aree Moon. Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Its Biomarkers. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2012 May; 20(3): 268–272.

The term perumpaadu is used for menorrhagia in Siddha Medicine. This disease has been being treated with herbal drugs by Siddha Physicians from ancient time. Siddha literatures are in Tamil Language. Even though a very few Siddha books are found in Siddha Gynaecology, they have wonderful single and poly herbal preparations. This literature research deals with medicinal plants used in Siddha Medicine for treating perumpaadu. According to Materia Medica and Siddha Pharmacology large number of the herbs mentioned in Siddha literatures have astringent and anti haemorragic actions. Siddha knowledge of treatment of the menorrhagia may be beneficial to the researchers who are not speaking Tamil Language.

Keywords: Menorrhagia, Perumpaadu, Siddha Medicine, Herbs, Astringent

[1]. Mojgan Tansaz, Hajar Memarzadehzavareh, , Marzieh Qaraaty, , Tahereh Eftekhar, Malihe Tabarrai, and Mohammad Kamalinejad (2006) Menorrhagia management in Iranian Traditional medicine Journal of Evidence –Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. Vol21(1) pp.71-76
[2]. Livdans-Forret AB, Harvey PJ, Larkin-Thier SM.(2007) Menorrhagia : A Synopsis of Management focusing on Herbal and Nutritional Suppliments, and Chiropractic The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association 51(4) 235 -246
[3]. Roghayeh Javan, Mahdi Yousefi, Seyed-Mohammad Nazar, Parastoo Amiri, Alireeza Mosavi-Naghedi –Baghdar (2016) Herbal Medicines in Idiopathic Heavy Menstrual Bleeding : A systematic Review Phyto therapy Research Vol.30(10).
[4]. Sampasivam pillai T.V., (1994) Tamil – English Dictionary of Medicine,Chemistry, Botany & allied Sciences Vol.-V, Government of Tamil Nadu. P.581
[5]. Sivashanmugarah S.,(2013) Siddha Maruthuva Mahappetiyalum Mahalir Maruthuvamum Siddha Medical Development Society, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.p 68