Background: The safety of restaurant crockery and cutlery are often questionable alongside incidences of food borne diseases from eateries. Method: Determination of bacteriological quality of crockery and cutlery of seven restaurants in the University was studied. Sixty-three (63) samples were collected, cultured in appropriate media and the Total Bacterial Count per ml (TBC/ml) of each sample was determined. Results: TBC/ml range of 1.1×105 - 2.8×106 for plates, 1.2×105 – 2.2×107 for spoons and 1.6×105 – 8.6×107 for cups was obtained. Isolates were identified according to morphological and biochemical characteristics which revealed a profile of seven (7) different bacteria species including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and species of Shigella & Klebsiella. Antimicrobial screening revealed organisms sensitive to the antimicrobial agents (mostly penicillins) while others were not..............

Keywords: Crockery, cutlery, restaurants, TBC, MARI

[1]. Cheesbrough, M., (2005). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Cambridge University Press 2: 62-70, 382-407.
[2]. Collins, C.H. and Lyne, M.P., (1979). Microbial methods, 4th Edition, Butterworth and Co. Limited, London, pp.75-314.
[3]. Cracknel W. and Nobis C.F (1989). Food microbiology 4th edition McGraw. Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi pp. 56.
[4]. Fawole M.D, Oso B.A. (1988). Laboratory Manual of Microbiology Ibadan. Spectrum Books Limited pg 127
[5]. Garden-Robinson, J. (2007). Food Safety Basics A Reference Guide for Food Service Operations. Retrieved 14th October 2015. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu

Introduction: The hOGG1 gene encodes a DNA glycosylase enzyme responsible for DNA repair. The Ser326Cys polymorphism in this gene may influence its repair ability and thus plays a role in carcinogenesis. Several case-control studies have been conducted on this polymorphism and its relationship with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but, the results were inconsistent. Also, yet the role of IR in the development of HCC associated with chronic HCV infection has not been establishedThe objective of this studyto evaluate the role of hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism and insulin resistance (IR) in The Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C in Egyptian patients.Material and methods:This study was included 130subjects, they were divided into three..........

Keywords: gene polymorphism, HCV, HCC, HOGG1 Ser326cys gene.

[1]. Lauer GM, Walker BD. Hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 41-52.
[2]. Freeman AJ, Dore GJ, Law MG, Thorpe M, Von Overbeck J.Estimating progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.Hepatology. 2001; 34: 809-816.
[3]. World Health Organization. Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR): Hepatitis C. 2008.
[4]. Ferlay J, Shin H, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127: 2893–2917.
[5]. Kawaguchi T, Nagao Y, Tanaka K, Ide T, Harada M, et al. Causal relationship between hepatitis C virus core and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a hepatitis C virus hyperendemic area: a pilot study. Int J Mol Med. 2005; 16: 109-114.

Under metal stress, soil microorganisms including plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) develop many strategies to evade the toxicity generated by the various heavy metals. Such metal resistant PGPB, when used as bioinoculants or biofertilizers, can significantly improve the growth of plants in heavy metal contaminated/stressed soils. This paper focuses on the isolation and characterization of heavy metal resistant PGPB from soil sample obtained from banks of Meethi River. The isolation was carried out using the heavy metals lead, copper and zinc and five isolates i.e ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD and ZE were obtained which showed multiple resistance to all the three heavy metals. The MIC was performed by plate and tube dilution method. The plant growth promoting characteristics of the five isolates were studied..........

Keywords: Bioinoculants, Bioremediation, Heavy Metal Resistance, PGPB.

[1]. A.Karmeel Reetha, S.Lalitha Pavani and S.Moha .2014. Hydrogen Cyanide Production Ability by Bacterial Antagonist and Their Antibiotics Inhibition Potential on Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. International Journal Of Current Microbiology And Applied Sciences(2014)3(5): 172-178
[2]. Adriana Giongo , Anelise Beneduzi, Adriana Ambrosini,Luciano Kayser Vargas, Marcos Roberto Stroschein, Flávio Luiz Eltz, Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini& Luciane Maria PereiraPassaglia .2010. Isolation and Characterization of Two Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria from the Rhizoplane of A Legume (Lupinus Albescens) In Sandy Soil.R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 34:361-369, 2010
[3]. Arvinder Kaur, Manjeet Kaur, Manohar Lal Samyal, Zabeer Ahmed. 2012. Isolation, Characterization and Identification Of Bacterial Strainproducing Amylase. Journal Of Microbiology And Biotechnology Research 2012,2 (4):573-579

Objective: To find out biomedical waste management and hazardous effect of it in hospital. Biomedical waste has a notable impact on health and environment. These are infective to humans and producemany toxic effects. Since it is hazardous in nature, its safe and proper disposal is extremely important. The management of biomedical waste is distinct from other house waste or industrial waste management. The amount of solid waste generated by hospitals has been increased rapidly in developing countries like India and its management can no longer be ignored..........

Keywords: biomedical waste, conservation, pathological conditions, incineration, hospital management.

[1]. Mandal S. K. and Dutta J., Integrated Biomedical Waste Management Plan for PatnaCity, Institute of Town Planners, India Journal6-2: 01-25 (2009).
[2]. Singh V. P., Biswas G., and Sharma, J. J.,Biomedical Waste Management –AnEmerging Concern in Indian HospitalsIndian, Journal of Forensic Medicine &Toxicology, Vol. 1, No. 1. (2007-12).
[3]. Hem Chandra, Hospital Waste anEnvironmental Hazard and Its Management, (1999).
[4]. Govt. of India, Ministry of Environment andForests Gazette notification No 460 dated July 27, New Delhi: 1998: 10-20
[5]. Glenn, Mr&Grewal, R. Clinical waste inDeveloping Countries. An analysis with a Case Study of India, and a Critique of theBasalt Guidelines (1999)

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the major causes of feto-maternal morbidity and mortality, it is diagnosed by development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. This study was conducted to determine whether altered levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) andPLGF level may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Methods: We performed a cross section study in 50 preeclampticwomen: 25women with mild PE, 25 patients with severe PE. While 24 normotensive pregnant women matched for age as a control group. Placental mRNA expression of VEGF was measured by real time PCR (RTPCR).Maternal serum levels of PLGF was measured by ELISA..........

Keywords: VEGF, PLGF, gene expression, Preeclampsia

[1]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL. editors. Hypertensivedisorders. In: Williams obstetrics, Chap. 40. 24th ed. NewYork: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. p. 728–30.
[2]. Nikuei P, Malekzadeh K, Rajaei M, et al. The imbalance in expression of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors as candidate predictive biomarker in preeclampsia. Iran J Reprod Med.2015;13:251–62.
[3]. Gille H, Kowalski J, Li B, Le Couter J, Moffat B, Zioncheck TF, et al. Analysis of biological effects and signaling properties of Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR (VEGFR-2). A reassessment using novel receptor-specific vascular endothelial growth factor mutants. J BiolChem 2001;276:322-30.
[4]. Andraweera PH, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. The vascular endothelial growth factor family in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod Update. 2012;18:436–57.
[5]. Zhou Y, McMaster M, Woo K, Janatpour M, Perry J, Karpanen T, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome. Am J Pathol. 2002; 160:1405–1423.

This paper reports on the enhancement of cysteine and vitamin E in Colchicine management of Paracetamol-induced Hepatoxicity. Sixty four experimental male albino rats were divided into nine groups with the first group as control, eight groups were treated with colchicines except group three, four, five and six were treated with the combination with 80, 90 and 100mg /dl of cysteine per day respectively while group seven, eight and nine were treated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3ml/day of vitamin E respectively for four weeks. Paracetamol caused an increase in the plasma concentration..........

Keywords: Enhancement, Colchicine, Paracetamol-induced, cysteine, Vitamin E, Liver damage.

[1]. Silverman, H.M., Stern, B. and Simon, G.I. The Pill Book. Paracetamol. 3rd Bantam Book, Canada; 2000. Pp 16-18.
[2]. Tittarelli, M., Pellegrini, M.G., Scarpellini, E., Marinelli. V,.Bruti, N.N., Diluca, F.P., Busardo, S. Hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol and relatedfatalities, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 21(1),2017, 95-101.
[3]. McGill, M.R., Sharpe, M.R., Williams, C.D., Taha, M., Curry, S.C., Jaeschke, H. The mechanism underlying acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in humans and mice involves mitochondrial damage and nuclear DNA fragmentation, J ClinInvest,122(4), 2012,1574–1583. [4]. Farah, M. A., Tawfiq, M. A., Mujtaba, M. B., Asad, A. Abu., Khalil,O. G., Bayan, Y. G., and Nidal, A. Q.Antioxidative stress effects of vitamins C, E, and B12, and their combination can protect the liver against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Drug Des DevelTher., 12, 2018, 3525–3533.
[5]. Abbott, C.E., Xu, R and Sigal, S.H (2017) Colchicine-induced Hepatoxicity.ACG Case Reports Journal, 4, 2017, 120.

Hypertension is a major health problem throughout the world for its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Isosorbide dinitrate is used in such cases of hypertension as rapid acting vasodilator with a duration of action of ≥1 hour as a result of its enhancement effect on cGMP. However, the total sublingual dose should be adjusted to avoid excessive effects. This study was designed to determine its efficacy in episodic resistance & urgency hypertension...........

Keywords:isosorbide dinitrate, emergency hypertension, episodic hypertension

[1]. Lopez AD, et al. Global & regional burden of disease and risk factors: systemic analysis of population healths data. Lancet 2006:1747-1757.
[2]. Edwarde CRW, Bouchier IAD. Davidsons principle and practice of medicine, Systemic hypertension, 16th ed . ELBS 1991: 318-326.
[3]. Kasper DL, et al. Harrisons manual of medicine, Hypertension, 16th ed. MaCraw-Hill. 2005:616-621.
[4]. Sixth report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure .Archives of Internal medicine ,1997;157: 2413-2446.
[5]. Staessen J A, et al. Risk of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in elderly. Lancet 2000;355:855-872.

Lythrum salicaria contained wide range of chemical constituents included alkaloids, tannins, anthocyanins, glycosides (salicairine), triterpene, sterols, steroids, organic acids, phenolic aids, and flavonoids. Thee pharmacological studies revealed that it exerted many therapeutic effects included antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, intestinal, hypoglycemic, anitinflammatory, analgesic, antitussive, dermatological, haemostatic, anticholinesterase activity and enhancement of osteoblastic proliferation. This review will designed to highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lythrum salicaria.

Keywords: constituents, pharmacoloy, Lythrum salicaria.

[1]. Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and medical importance of Galium aparine - A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5(3): 1739-1744.

[2]. 213- Al-Snafi AE. Galium verum -A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2142-2149.

[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Heliotropium undulatum (H. bacciferum) and Heliotropium europaeum- A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2150-2158.

[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Medical importance of Helianthus tuberosus- A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2159-2166.

[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Pharmacological importance of Herniaria glabra and Herniaria hirsuta - A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2167-2175.

Malva neglecta is a common traditionally used medicinal plant, contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, organic acids, protein, oils and sugars. It possessed antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-urolithiasis, anticholinesterase and angiotensin converting enzyme, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory inhibitory effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Malva neglecta.

Keywords: constituents, pharmacology, Malva neglecta

[1]. Orhan IE . Biotechnological production of plant secondary metabolites. Bentham ebook, 2012: 107.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. Arabian medicinal plants with antiurolithiatic and diuretic effects - plant based review (Part 1). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2018; 8(6): 67-80.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Arabian medicinal plants affected female fertility- plant based review (part 1). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2018; 8(7): 46-62.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Arabian medicinal plants for the treatment of intestinal disorders- plant based review (part 1). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2018; 8(6): 53-66.
[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Arabian medicinal plants possessed gastroprotective effects- plant based review (part 1). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2018; 8(7): 77-95.