The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a recently discovered powerful and novel technique for genome editing that has led to a new era in molecular biology due to its huge applications in deleting cancer cell lines to genetically modified plant. CRISPR/Cas system is a unique adaptive immunity of 40% bacteria and 90% archea to combat infection against plasmid and virus. It memorizes previous infections by integrating short sequences of invading genomes—termed spacers—into the CRISPR locus. The spacers interspaced with repeats are expressed as small guide CRISPR RNAs (sgRNAs) that are employed by Cas proteins to target invaders sequence-specifically upon a reoccurring infection and efficiently produce breaks in DNA double strands. Over the past 30 years, CRISPR has evolved from the ‗curious sequences of unknown biological function' into a promising genome editing tool..............

Key Words: CRISPR/Cas9, ZFN, TALENs

[1]. Rosenberg LE. Legacies of Garrod's brilliance. One hundred years—and counting. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2008;31:574–9,

[2]. Johnston JJ, Lewis KL, Ng D, Singh LN, Wynter J, Brewer C, et al. Individualized iterative phenotyping for genome-wide analysis of loss-of-function mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 2015;96:913–25.

[3]. Petes TD. Molecular genetics of yeast. Annu Rev Biochem. 1980;49:845–76.

[4]. Orr-Weaver TL, Nicolas A, Szostak JW. Gene conversion adjacent to regions of double-strand break repair. Mol Cell Biol. 1988;8:5292–8
[5]. Jasin M. Genetic manipulation of genomes with rare-cutting endonucleases. Trends Genet. 1996;12:224–8.

Ibuprofen is an active substance whose solubility is practically insoluble in water so that absorption of the drug runs slowly. One way to increase the solubility of a medicinal ingredient is by the addition of surfactants, namely sodium lauryl sulfate. This research aims to improve the speed of the dissolution profile and its influence on the physical characteristics of ibuprofen tablets using SLS as a surfactant. This research was conducted by laboratory experimental methods, using additives that function as surfactants, namely SLS with varying concentrations. Three formula designs were made, namely Formula Control 0% SLS, Formula I 1% SLS, and Formula II 2% SLS. Tablets are made by the wet granulation method. In each formula, the physical properties of granules and tablets are tested, and the dissolution tablets are tested. The results data obtained were compared with the standard literature, and the data were analyzed statistically with the one-way ANOVA variant analysis method, with a 95% confidence level, and continued with the t-LSD (Least Significant Different) test...............

Key Words: Tablet, Ibuprofen, Sodium Lauril Sulphate, Physical test, Dissolution test.

[1]. Banker, F J and Anderson, R N. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. 3. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger, 1986.
[2]. Kumar, S, Chowdary, K P.R and Suresh A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIRECT COMPRESSION AND WET GRANULATION METHODS FOR FORMULATION OF STAVUDINE TABLETS. (5) : 3, 2014, Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, pp. 2000-2003.
[3]. Syamsuni, H A. Recipe Science. Jakarta : EGC, 2007.
[4]. Lachman, L, Lieberman, H A and Kanig, J L. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. Second. Philadhelpia : Washington, 1976.
[5]. Yalkowsky, S H. Techniques of Solubilization of Drugs. New York : Marcel Dekker Inc, 1981.

This paper reports on the use of the seed solution of the plant "Shasha‟ (Delonixregia) as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated liver challenges. Seventy-two experimental albino rats were divided into eight groups with the first group as control, and others made diabetic with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight of rat). The diabetic rats were treated with distilled water,0.2g/kg, 0.4g/kg , 0.6g/kg of Shasha‟seed solution, Glucophage (500mg/kg), Vitamin C (20mg/kg) and Glucophage+ Vitamin C (500 and 20mg/kg) respectively for groups2-8, for three weeks.Streptozotocinsignificantly increased glucose levels from 122.00+ 2.04 to 162.00+ 4.61mg/dl after three days of intra peritoneal injection and also caused significant increases in the serum concentrations of the liver enzymes..............

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Glucophage, "Shasha‟(Delonixregia),Streptozotocin, Vitamin C.

[1]. Missouri Botanical Garden. Delonixregia.www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfinderdetails (accessed 15th July,2019)
[2]. M MRahman,N M Hasan,A K Das,T M Hossain,R Jahan, AM Khatun,and M Rahmatullah, Effect of Delonixregia Leaf Extract on Glucose tolerance in Glucose-induced Hyperglycemic mice,Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med.8(1), 2011,34-36.
[3]. D V Cowen Flowering Trees and Shrubs in India. Sixth Edn. (Thacker and Co. Ltd. Bomba, 1984).
[4]. F C Anacletus,P O Osuji, andC CMonago, Effects of Metformin, Pioglotazone and Aqueous Extract of DelonixRegia on Bloob levels of Glycated Hemoglobin(Hba1c) of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Male and Female Wistar Albino Rats, IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 1(4), 2015, 23-27.
[5]. P Daisy, and M Rajathi, Hypoglycemic Effects of Clitoris ternatea Linn.(Fabaceae) in Alloxan-induced Diabetes in Rats, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(5), 2009, 393-398.

The term Eczema denotes red skin with eruptions containing liquid that oozes out. Eczema is characterized by itching, redness, oedema, papulovesicles in the acute stage, edema and scaling in the sub acute stage, and dry lichenified skin in the chronic stage. Eczema have a serious impact on patient's quality of life. The aim of our study is to assess the proportion of other allergic disorders in eczema and the effect of counselling on quality of life among eczema patients. The data were collected and recorded in a suitably designed proforma. The effect of patient counselling on quality of life was assessed using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire and for children, Children Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) questionnaire. Information was provided through patient information leaflet. A total of 113 eczema patients were selected during the six...........

Key Words: Eczema, dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhino conjunctivitis.

[1]. R.G. Valia, Ameet R. Valia. IADVL Textbook of Dermatology. Third edition, Volume 1973, page no: 490-520.
[2]. Roger Walker, Cate Whittlessa. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.Fifth edition, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia, 2012, 893-909.
[3]. Kammi Yap Sayaseng et.al. Pathophysiology and management of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2017;32: s1-s12.
[4]. Darsow U, Lu¨bbe J, Taieb A et.al. Position paper on diagnosis andtreatment of atopic dermatitis. J EurAcadDermatolVenerol 2005;19:186–95.
[5]. Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bieber T et.al. Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology ⁄American Academy of Allergy,Asthma and Immunology ⁄PRATALL Consensus Report. Allergy2006; 64:969–87

Alhagi maurorum is customarily used in folk medicine as a remedy for rheumatic pains, bilharziasis, liver disorders, various types of gastrointestinal discomfort, general tonic, anthelmintic, to treat constipation, jaundice, and arthritis. It also used as diuretic, blood purifier, antimicrobial, for treatment of dysentery, upper respiratory system problems, wounds, hemorrhoids and uterine problems. The roots were used as aphrodisiac(1, 3-4). The plant contained flavonoids, fatty acids, coumarins, glycosides, sterols, steroids, resins, vitamins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, unsaturated sterols and triterpenes. The current study was designed to determine the the antibacterial.............

Key Words: ......

[1]. A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa. Asphodelus tenuifolius Cavan, 21-22.
[2]. Alhagi maurorum, http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/4215
[3]. Encyclopedia of medicinal plants in UAE. Health Authority Abu Dhabi. Zaied Center for Traditional Medicine and Herbs Researches 2005, 15-20 .
[4]. Bolus L. Medicinal Plants of North Africa. Cairo, Egypt, Reference Publications Inc. 1983:368.
[5]. Kamil M, Ahmad F, Jairaj AF, Gunasekar C, Thomas S, Chen K and Attas A. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical studies on aerial parts of Alhagi maurorum Medik. Hamdard Medicus 2001; XL1V(3): 57-71..

The phytochemical analysis of Luffa acutangula extracts showed that the fruits contained tannin, saponin, anthroquinone, sterols, glycosides, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, flavinoids, phenolic compounds, quinines, lignins, cucurbitacins, oil and triterpenes. Pharmacological studied showed that Luffa acutangula possessed antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepato-, cardio-, nephro- and gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, immunomodulatory, abortifacient, anticataleptic and behavioral changing effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Luffa acutangula..

Key Words: constituents, pharmacology, therapeutics, Luffa acutangula.

[1]. Al-Snafi AE. Medicinal plants with central nervous effects (part 2): plant based review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2016; 6(8): 52-75.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE, Talab TA and Majid WJ. Medicinal plants with central nervous activity - An overview (Part 1). IOSR Journal of pharmacy 2019, 9(3): 52-102.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE. Medicinal plants with cardiovascular effects (part 2): plant based review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2016; 6(7): 43-62.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Medicinal plants for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases - A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2017; 7(4): 103-163.
[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects (part 2): plant based review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 2016; 6(7): 62-82.

Luffa cylindrica was used traditionally for the treatment of asthma, intestinal worms, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis pain, carbuncles, abscesses, inflammation, heat rashes of children in summer, bowels or bladder hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, jaundice, menorrhagia, haematuria, leprosy, spleenopathy, as anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, galactagogue and as antiseptic. The phytochemical screening of Luffa cylindrica revealed that the plant contained anthocyanins, glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenoid, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, and tannins. The pharmacological investigation showed that Luffa cylindrica possessed antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiemetic, wound healing, immunological, bronchodilating, reproductive effect and in treatment of cataract. The current review discussed the contents and biological effects of Luffa cylindrica............

Key Words: Luffa cylindrica, pharmacology, constituents, medicinal plants.

[1]. Al-Snafi AE. Galium verum -A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2142-2149.
[2]. Al-Snafi AE. The Pharmacological importance of Bauhinia variegata. A Review. Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research 2013; 4(12): 160-164.
[3]. Al-Snafi AE, Yaseen NY and Al-Shatry MM. Anticancer effects of sodium valproate. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research 2015; 7(2): 291-297.
[4]. Al-Snafi AE. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Heliotropium undulatum (H. bacciferum) and Heliotropium europaeum- A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2150-2158.
[5]. Al-Snafi AE. Medical importance of Helianthus tuberosus- A review. Indo Am J P Sc 2018; 5 (4): 2159-2166..