Respiratory tract infections can be caused by a wide variety of phathoges(Bacteria,mycobacteria,fungus,viruses) which can infect both animals and human. Airborne transmission via droplets and aerosols enables some of these viruses to spread efficiently among animals-humans, causing outbreaks that are difficult to control. Many outbreaks have been investigated retrospectively to study the possible routes of inter- animal-human virus transmission. Ethno-veterinary and herbal practices have been in use for centuries, resulting in transfer of knowledge to the common people of the society including the farming sector. The main advantages lie in the facts that they are accessible, easy to prepare and administer, with little cost involved. This paper reviewed the Alien medicinal plants in South Africa that possessed antibacterial ,antimycobacterial , antifungal ,antiviral activities and immunodulatory.

Keywords : Antimicrobial,Alien medicinal plants, Bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,Phathogens, immunodulatory.

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Saffron is one of the herbal plants that has an important role in the medical. Saffron contains flavonoid compounds that have cholesterol reduction activity. This study aims to determine the highest concentration that provides the greatest reduction in cholesterol levels from the saffron ethanol extract fraction in vitro and to determine the differences in total flavonoid levels and cholesterol reduction activity of the saffron ethanol extract fraction in vitro. The extraction method used is remaceration using 50% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation by preparative thin layer chromatography method using mobile phase ethyl acetate : isopropyl alcohol : aquadest (65:25:10).......

Keywords : Cholesterol, Liebermann-Burchard, Saffron (Crocus sativus), Flavonoid Levels, TLCP

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Quinoline derivatives are known for their diverse therapeutic and pharmacological potential. This chromophore has been the subject of extensive research on antimalarial activity; it is a fundamental core for this activity and is present in the derivatives currently used for malaria prophylaxis and treatment. In terms of structure-activity relationships, the studies are complex, and several hypotheses have been proposed; nevertheless, certain elements are well identified and are highlighted in this review. From a chemical perspective, there are two categories of quinolines currently used in therapy: aminoquinolines and methanol quinolines, for which we have established the chemical nomenclature according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Keywords : Quinoline, antimalarials, IUPAC nomenclature, structure-activity relationship.

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This study was designed to assess the general public's perception, knowledge, attitude and behaviour on antibiotic resistance in a Bangalore, a metropolitan city in the south of India. It also tries to decipher whether the level of education and the professional status of an individual has a positive association with the level of knowledge on antibiotic resistance.Of all the participants who participated in the study, around 95.5% of the surveyed population received a university education.......

Keywords : Antibiotic resistance, Drugs, Internal Medicine.

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[3]. Lamberte LE, van Schaik W. Antibiotic resistance in the commensal human gut microbiota. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2022 Aug;68:102150. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102150. Epub 2022 Apr 28. PMID: 35490629.
[4]. Chinemerem Nwobodo D, Ugwu MC, Oliseloke Anie C, Al-Ouqaili MTS, Chinedu Ikem J, Victor Chigozie U, Saki M. Antibiotic resistance: The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022 Sep; 10.10, 36(9):e24655.
[5]. Tarín-Pelló A, Suay-García B, Pérez-Gracia MT. Antibiotic resistant bacteria: current situation and treatment options to accelerate the development of a new antimicrobial arsenal. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022 Aug; 10.1080/1478721, 20(8):1095-1108.

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country with high humidity which makes it possible for various plants and microorganisms to grow properly. Skin conditions that are easy to sweat and moist, poor personal hygiene, and lack of health knowledge are factors that allow the occurrence of skin diseases, one of the most common skin problems is acne. The bacteria that commonly infect acne are natural ingredients that are empirically known to have antibacterial properties, namely the cinnamon plant (Cinnamomum burmanii). Essential oil from the cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) can provide.......

Keywords : Essential Oil, Cinnamon, Facial Wash, Antibacterial Activity, Staphylococcus Aureus, Physical Evaluation.

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