Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Stroke: A Brain Attack
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Guide- Miss.B.M.Gund|| Mrs.P.N.Jagtap|| Mr.V.B.Ingale|| Dr.R.Y.Patil
Page No.	::	01-23
Paper Index	::	10.9790/3013-038201-23
ANED	::	05.3013/038201023

There are 15 million people worldwide who suffer a stroke each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is the second leading cause of death for people above the age of 60 years, and the fifth leading cause in people aged 15 to 59 years old. Each year, nearly six million people worldwide die from stroke. One in six people worldwide will have a stroke in their lifetime. Every six seconds, stroke kills some. Stroke claims more than twice as many lives as AIDS. In fact, stroke continues to be responsible for more deaths annually than those attributed to AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. The burden of stroke now disproportionately affects individuals living in resource-poor countries.Stroke, as a burden of disease, still remains little understood. Enhanced advocacy and sustained public health education at the global level must be undertaken. To date, stroke education and the delivery of the best possible care for stroke survivors needs to be put higher up on the public health agenda. A passive attitude towards stroke is no longer justifiable: stroke can be potentially prevented to a large extent, and acute stroke is potentially treatable. Notwithstanding, there is much more that can be done to improve the quality of life for people who have suffered from a stroke. Without coordinated effort on the part of the international public health community, stroke will claim the lives of up to 6.5 million people each year by 2015, according to the World Stroke Organization.

 

KEYWORDS : tPA(Tissue plasminogen activator), CVA(Cerebral vascular accident), TIA(Transient ischemic attack, TNK(Tenecteplase), Rehabilitation, Aneurysms.

[1] Adams HP Jr, etal. (2007). Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: A guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke,

[2] American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2005 update. Availableat: http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/ 1105390918119hdsstats2005update.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2005.

[3] Abraham J, Rao PSS, Inbaraj SG, Shetty G, Jose CJ. An epidemiological study of hemiplegia due to stroke in South India. Stroke 1970

[4] Bazzano LA, He J, Ogden LG, et al. Dietary intake of folate and risk of stroke in US men and women: NHANES Epidemiologic Follow–up Study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Stroke.2002;.

[5] Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. Dietary potassium intake and stroke mortality. Stroke. 2000

[6] Khaw KT, Barrett–Connor E. Dietary potassium and stroke–associated mortality. A 12–year prospective population study. N Engl J Med. 1987;

[7] Strokes still killing us in epidemic proportions

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	The Effects Of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Leaves Extracts, On Some Haematological Indices Of Wistar Rats
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Ndodo N.D ||Anuka J.A ||Esomonu U.G ||Onu J.E ||Okolo R.U ||Onwuchekwa C
Page No.	::	24-28
Paper Index	::	10.9790/3013-0382024-28
ANED	::	05.3013/0382024028

The effects of water and methanol extracts of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaves were studied in male Wister rats following treatment with 20 % w/w and 30% w/w equivalent of water and methanol extracts of Neem leaves incorporated into rat diet and administered orally for 90 days. The control group had normal diet and water ad libitum. Sperm count and motility were evaluated using caudal epididymal sperms. The sperm counts (106/ml) for the control group was 38.9 ±1.96 while for the 20% w/w water extract of Neem leaves group and 30% w/w water extract of Neem leaves treated group were 38.2 ±1.96 and 40.0 ±1.96 respectively and those of 20% and 30% w/w equivalent of methanol extract treated groups were 38.2 ±1.96 and 39.8 ±1.96 respectively. The values for the sperm motility (%) was 74 ± 2.66 for the control group and 29 ± 2.66, 21 ±2.66, 15 ±2.66, 10 ±2.66, for the 20% and 30% w/w equivalent of water and methanol extracts of Neem leaves treated groups, respectively. The results show that sperm motility was significantly reduced in the treated groups than the control group (P<0.001) while there was no significant variation between the sperm counts of the control and the treated groups. The results suggest a possible antifertility activity in Neem leaves extracts.

 

KEY WORDS: Neem leaves, Sperm counts, Sperm motility, Anti-fertility

[1] Abubakar, G (1997): "Effect of neem leaf on some biochemical parameters,‟ University of Maidugri, Project report.
[2] Cunningham G.R and Huckins C.(1979) Persistence of complete Spermatogenesis in the presence of low intratesticular Testosterone, Endocrinology 105:177-187
[3] Despande VY, Mendulkar KN. Sadre N.K.(1980) "Male antifertility activities of Azadirachta indica in mice" J. postgrad. Med, 26:167-170
[4] Gupta, R.S. Pramod Kumar, V.P. Dexit M.P. Dobhal (2000) "Antifertility studies or the root extract of Baleria priovitis linn in male albino rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 70: 111-117

[5] Katsuri, M. Nazeer, A.R, Pathan, K.M, Parveen D.S, Munivannan B. (1997): Leaves on the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate in albino rats, Indian J. exp. Biol. 34:582-583-590.
[6] Kempinas, and Lamano-Carvalho T.I (1988): "A method for estimating the concentration of spermatozoa in the rat cauda epididymis" Lab. Animal (22), 154-156.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Cognitive Capabilities and Gender Differences in Transition Period: A Study Of Lucknow City
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Singh Nivedita|| Singh Neetu
Page No.	::	29-31
Paper Index	::	10.9790/3013-0382029-31
ANED	::	05.3013/0382029031

The potential effect of gender on intellectual abilities remain controversial. A variety of research has been conducted on A Cognitive Capabilities and Gender Differences in transition period Objective: To assess the cognitive capabilities of male and female in transition period.. This study was conducted on 120 adolescence (10-13 years) government and private school in Lucknow city. The duration of the study was 11 months (July2012 – May 2013). The approaches adopted for the study was multi stage random sampling. The tools in the present study were predesigned and pretested Questionnaire for family level information and cognitive capabilities test during transition period develop by P.Vasundhara also used to assess of cognitive development. In this area there are found no significant difference male and female in class inclusion and combinatorial thinking. Out of five Schemes only two have a highly significant relationship viz; Time and motion and Co-ordinate system. Highly significant differences were found between male and female with corresponding value of formulating hypotheses and co-ordinate system. Majority of male and female belonging to transition period, minimum in late concrete formal operational stage.

 

KEYWORDS: Cognitive development, Male, Female, Cognitive Capabilities, Transition period.

[1] Bora R. ‗level of cognitive development and personality pattern of Mishing adolescents in Assam; International referred Research journal, (3), 2012; 69-71.
[2] B.Y-Lean ―Developmental mechanisms leading to cognitive disparities between men and women‖ ,2005;1-17.
[3] Coon H et. al. ―Community influence on cognitive ability‖ Journal of intelligence, (16), 1992; 169-188.
[4] Piaget's theory of cognitive development (Accessed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaget%27s_theory_of_cognitive_developmen on dated 19/11/2012.)
[5] Adolescence: cognitive transitions chapter 2 (Accessed at http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072820144/student_view0/chapter9/ on dated 24/11/2012)
[6] Laura E.Berk: child development ―Cognitive Development Piagetian, core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives‖, 7nd ed. published by prentice –hall of India Private Limited New Delhi, 2007; 219-251.
[7] Vasundhara P. ‗Cognitive capabilities test for transition period', 2005.
[8] Valanides N. ‗Formal Reasoning Abilities and School Achievement; Studies in Educational Evaluation, (23), 1997; 169-185.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Antioxidant And Cytotoxic Activities Of Crude Methanolic Extract Of Medicago Polymorpha
Country	::	Pakistan
Authors	::	Muhammad Imran Khan|| Suhaib Asad|| Goher Zaman|| Hamid Rehman|| Syed Rehman||Asif Iqbal|| AminUllah|| Ihsan Ullah|| Shahnoor|| Sher Ali
Page No.	::	32-37
Paper Index	::	10.9790/3013-0382032-37
ANED	::	05.3013/0382032037

Free radicals are the source of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, arthritis, anemea, Parkinson disease, alzimer and ageing etc. Antioxidants are very important for treatment of this disease by scavenging free radicals. The present study was conducted to determine the Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of metanolic extract of Medicago polymorpha against free radicals such as DPPH and ABTS etc in vitro. These activities of Medicago polymorpha are count for its anticancer properties. The results were analyzed by the comparison of the extract with the standards. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard for antioxidants assays and see salt solution without extract was used a standard for cytotoxic assays. The antioxidant property may be related to the polyphenols and flavonoids present in the extract. These results clearly indicate that Medicago polymorpha is effective against free radical mediated disease and thus it has potential for treating cancer.

 

KEY WORDS: DPPH, lipid per oxidation, cytotoxic, Medicago polymorpha, superoxide

[1] A.Ghani. Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with Chemical Constituents and Uses, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2003.
[2] Al-Dubai AS, Al-khulaidi AA. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Yemen (In Arabic), Sana'a, Yemen: Obadi Center for studies and Publishing 1996.
[3] Cragg GM, Simon JE, Jato JG, Sander KM. Drug discovery and development at the National Cancer Institute: Potential for New Pharmaceutical crops. In: Progress in new crops, Ed., Janick, J. ASHS Press, 1996; 554-560.
[4] Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Plants as source of anticancer agents. J Ethanopharmacol 2005; 100:72-79.

[5] D. J. Newman and G. M. Cragg, ―Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years,‖ Journal of Natural Products, vol. 70, no. 3 2007; 461–477.

[6] FAO, Trade in Medicinal Plants, Economic and Social Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2004.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Prospective Career Preferences of Imminent Pharmacist
Country	::	Pakistan
Authors	::	Sadia Shakeel|| Wajiha Iffat|| Riffat Yasmin|| Huma Ali
Page No.	::	38043
Paper Index	::	10.9790/3013-0382038-43
ANED	::	05.3013/0382038043

The present was conducted with the aim to identify the career preferences and the attributing factors of the career ambitions of fifth professional pharmacy undergraduate students. A previously developed and validated questionnaire was administered to fifth professional pharmacy undergraduate students of different private and government universities of Karachi. The students were asked to complete six sectioned questionnaire to identify the students' career preferences and future career ambitions. Descriptive statistics were used to elucidate participant's characteristics and their response to the questionnaire items. Chi square test was used at 0.05 level of significance to observe influence of gender and institutions on their responses. Out of 550, 458 questionnaires were returned back hence the response rate was 83.27%.Industrial pharmacy (31.44%) and hospital pharmacy (31.22%) were the most desired areas of upcoming pharmacy students to start their career. Getting the opportunity to be the part of healthcare team (83.4%) and utilizing their knowledge (83.84%) were the major reasons for selecting particular area of pharmacy practice. In this study the students showed positive attitude towards the pharmacy profession. Industrial and hospital were the most preferred choices of pharmacy students to start their career.

 

KEYWORDS: Pharmacy students, career preferences, future career ambitions, Pakistan

[1] Abubakar, G (1997): "Effect of neem leaf on some biochemical parameters,‟ University of Maidugri, Project report.
[2] Cunningham G.R and Huckins C.(1979) Persistence of complete Spermatogenesis in the presence of low intratesticular Testosterone, Endocrinology 105:177-187
[3] Despande VY, Mendulkar KN. Sadre N.K.(1980) "Male antifertility activities of Azadirachta indica in mice" J. postgrad. Med, 26:167-170
[4] Gupta, R.S. Pramod Kumar, V.P. Dexit M.P. Dobhal (2000) "Antifertility studies or the root extract of Baleria priovitis linn in male albino rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 70: 111-117

[5] Katsuri, M. Nazeer, A.R, Pathan, K.M, Parveen D.S, Munivannan B. (1997): Leaves on the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate in albino rats, Indian J. exp. Biol. 34:582-583-590.
[6] Kempinas, and Lamano-Carvalho T.I (1988): "A method for estimating the concentration of spermatozoa in the rat cauda epididymis" Lab. Animal (22), 154-156.