Amorphous Solid Dispersion (ASD) technology has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as Paclitaxel, a key agent in cancer therapy. Despite its significant antitumor activity against various malignancies, Paclitaxel's clinical application has been hampered by its low solubility and adverse effects associated with its conventional formulation, which utilizes Cremophor® EL. This review highlights recent advancements in ASD formulations aimed at improving Paclitaxel delivery through innovative polymer systems, nanotechnology, and advanced manufacturing techniques such as spray drying and hot melt extrusion..........

Keywords : Amorphous Solid Dispersion (ASD), Paclitaxel, Solubility, Bioavailability, Polymer, Drug delivery, Passive diffusion, Cancer therapy.

[1]. Paclitaxel ASD formulation in Nanotechnology (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S093964111930479X)
[2]. Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Paclitaxel (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11095-010-0174-2)
[3]. Recent Advances in ASD for Chemotherapy Drugs (https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/2/168)
[4]. Baghel, S.; Cathcart, H.; O'Reilly, N.J. Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review of Amorphization, Crystallization, Stabilization, Solid-State Characterization, and Aqueous Solubilization of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Drugs. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016, 105, 2527–2544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]

[5]. Vo, C.L.-N.; Park, C.; Lee, B.-J. Current Trends and Future Perspectives of Solid Dispersions Containing Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2013, 85, 799–813. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Many health profession colleges use technical standards for the admission and graduation of students, reflecting the physical and mental skills and abilities necessary to work efficiently as professionals in the health sector. Students with disabilities are often rejected on the grounds that they do not meet these standards; however, this is not always a justified reason for their exclusion, as they can be academically successful. International laws also stipulate their right to education, with or without accommodations...........

Keywords : Reconciliation. Entitlement. Admission standards. Pharmacy studies. Disability. Congenital absence of upper limbs.

[1]. (Bamshad et al. 1999) as cited in Sebastiano Bianca, G. B. (2009, August 26). Fetal upper limb amelia with increased nuchal translucency. Congenital Anomalies, pp. 121-122. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4520.2009.00238.x
[2]. Abdel Moneim, S. M. (2023, January). Educational Empowerment for Students with Special Needs in Pre-University Education (Field Study). pp. 223-255. doi:10.21608/ALTC.2023.295807
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[5]. ADA. (2002, 10 17). Enforcement Guidance on Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship under the ADA. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) Retrieved 7 13, 2023, from https://www.eeoc.gov/ar/almlwmat-ballght-alrbyt

Sustained drug delivery has become the standard in modern Pharmaceutical design and an intensive research has been undertaken in achieving much better drug product effectiveness, reliability and safety. This interest has been sparked by the advantages shown by in-situ forming polymeric delivery systems such as ease of administration and reduced frequency of administration, improved patient compliance and comfort. The formation of gels depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions and ultra violet irradiation, from which the drug gets released in a sustained and controlled manner. Various biodegradable polymers that are used for the formulation of in-situ gels include gellan gum...........

Keywords : Sustained release, biodegradable polymer, mucosal absorption, thermal triggered, pH triggered system.

[1]. Fariba Ganji and Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani. Hydrogels in Controlled Drug Delivery Systems. Iranian Polymer Journal 18 (1), 2009, pp 63-88.
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[3]. Peppas N, Langer R. New challenges in biomaterials. Science1994; 263:171520.
[4]. Zhidong L, Jaiwei L, Shufang N, Hui L, Pingtian D, Weisan P.Study of an Pharm alginate-HPMC based in- situ gelling ophthalmic delivery system for gatifloxacin. Int J. 2006; 315:12- 7.
[5]. Sarasija S, Shyamala B. Nasal Drug Delivery: An Overview, Indian J Pharm.Sci. 2005, 67(1): 19- 25.

Mangroves are coastal swamp forests that host halotolerant shrubs and trees, providing a productive ecosystem that acts as a carbon sink and supports diverse biodiversity, including fish, mollusks, birds, and crustaceans. They play a vital role in the local economy and protect coastlines from natural disasters like cyclones and erosion. This review focuses on halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in mangrove rhizospheres, which have adapted over millions of years to thrive in saline environments. Halophiles utilize either a compatible solute strategy, accumulating organic compounds to manage osmotic stress, or a salt-in strategy, maintaining high internal...........

Keywords : Heavy metals, mangrove, Biodiversity, bioremediations.

[1]. ABATENH, E., GIZAW, B., TSEGAYE, Z. & WASSIE, M. 2017. The role of microorganisms in bioremediation-A review. Open
Journal of Environmental Biology, 2, 030-046.
[2]. ABBAS, S., RAFATULLAH, M., HOSSAIN, K., ISMAIL, N., TAJARUDIN, H. & KHALIL, H. A. 2018. A review on mechanism
and future perspectives of cadmium-resistant bacteria. International journal of environmental science and technology, 15, 243-262.
[3]. ABD-ELNABY, H., ABOU-ELELA, G. M. & EL-SERSY, N. A. 2011. Cadmium resisting bacteria in Alexandria Eastern Harbor
(Egypt) and optimization of cadmium bioaccumulation by Vibrio harveyi. African Journal of biotechnology, 10, 3412-3423.
[4]. ABOSAMAHA, A., WILLIAMSON, M. P. & GILMOUR, D. J. 2022. Utilization and accumulation of compatible solutes in
Halomonas pacifica: a species of moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from a saline lake in South Libya. Access Microbiology, 4.
[5]. ALZAHRANI, D. A., SELIM, E.-M. M. & EL-SHERBINY, M. M. 2018. Ecological assessment of heavy metals in the grey mangrove
(Avicennia marina) and associated sediments along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Oceanologia, 60, 513-526.

Corticosteroids are a group of medications that are structurally and pharmacologically similar to the endogenous hormone cortisol. The mechanisms of action for the therapeutic effects and clinical improvement associated with corticosteroids are also responsible for most of the adverse effects associated with its chronic use or its use in high doses. Prescription of corticosteroids is on the increaseamong patients seen in our clinical practice. The increase in steroid prescription is associated with increasing frequency of complications associated with its chronic use. The main objective of this study is to review the prescription pattern of steroids in our practice and to also assess how patients are counselled before they are started on these agents............

Keywords : Corticosteroids, counselling, prescription, adverse effects, Lagos.

[1]. Yasir M, Goyal A, Bansal P, Sonthalia S. Corticosteroid Adverse Effects. (Updated 2021 Mar 3). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531462/
[2]. Liu, D., Ahmet, A., Ward, L, Krishnamoorthy P, Mandelcorm ED, Leigh R, Brown JP, Cohen A, Kim H. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. All AsthClinImmun 2013; 9: 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-9-30.
[3]. Hengge UR, Ruzicka T, Schwartz RA, Cork MJ. Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids. J Am AcadDermatol. 2006;54(1):1-15; quiz 16-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.01.010. PMID: 16384751.
[4]. van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Abenhaim L, Begaud B, Zhang B, Cooper C. Use of oral corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. QJMed. 2000;93(2):105-11. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/93.2.105. PMID: 10700481.
[5]. Royal College of Physicians Guidelines Writing Group. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: Guidelines for prevention and treatment. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2002.

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country with high humidity which makes it possible for various plants and microorganisms to grow properly. Skin conditions that are easy to sweat and moist, poor personal hygiene, and lack of health knowledge are factors that allow the occurrence of skin diseases, one of the most common skin problems is acne. The bacteria that commonly infect acne are natural ingredients that are empirically known to have antibacterial properties, namely the cinnamon plant (Cinnamomum burmanii). Essential oil from the cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) can provide inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Propinonibacterium acne............

Keywords : Essential Oil, Cinnamon, Facial Wash, Antibacterial Activity, Staphylococcus Aureus, Physical Evaluation.

[1]. E. Arundhina, C. J. Soegihardjo and B. B. R. Sidharta, "Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alamanda (Allamanda cathartica L.,) Sebagai Anti Jamur Terhadap Candida albicans Dan Pityosporum ovale Secara In Vitro," Fakultas Teknobiologi Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, 2014.
[2]. A. R. Fauzi and R. Nurmalina, Merawat Kulit dan Wajah, Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo Kelompok Gramedia, 2012.
[3]. M. Inna, N. Atmania and S. Prismasari, "Potential Use of Cinnamomum burmanii Essential Oil-Based Chewing Gum As Oral Antibiofilm Agent," Journal of Dentisty Indonesia, pp. 80-86, 2010.
[4]. M. B. Aqmarinaa, S. E. Priani and A. Gadri, "Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii) Terhadap Bakteri Stapilococcus aureus Penyebab Jerawat," Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, pp. 213-222, 2016.
[5]. R. Rosdiyawati, "Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Sabun Mandi Cair Minyak Atsiri Kulit Buah Jeruk Pontianak (Citrus nobilis lour. var. microcarpa) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Esherichia coli," Jurnal sains farmasi dan klinis , pp. 20-39, 2014.