This study analyzed the bioactive components and antidiabetics potentials of ethanol leaf-extract of Scoparia dulcis. The bioactive compounds and vitamins were quantified using HPLC technique procedures and the antidiabetic properties were evaluated based on the α-amylase and α-glucoamylase inhibitory activities of the extract using spectrophotometric methods. Results showed significant amounts of water-soluble vitamins, with vitamin B1 as the most abundant (0.041 ppm), followed by B9 (0.0246 ppm) and B12 (0.0167 ppm) others are B6 (0.01 ppm), .B3 (0.001 ppm) and B2 (0.0001 ppm). The most abundant among the fat soluble vitamins was calciferol (2.898 ppm) followed by tocopherol (0.72 ppm) and retinol (0.478 ppm) while the carotenoids........

Keywords : Scoparia dulcis, antidiabetics, bioactivity, vitamins, phytochemicals, HPLC.

[1] Al-Dhabi, N. A. And Arasu, M. V. (2017). A Review On The Antioxidant Properties Of Naringin. Food Chemistry, 232: 698–707.
[2] Ashok Kumar, D., Venkatesh, S. And Harikrishnan, N. (2021). A Review On The Antidiabetic Potential Of Scoparia Dulcis . Journal Of Ethnopharmacology, 264: 113-274.

[3] Bagchi, D., Sen, C. K., Ray, S. D., Das, D. K., Bagchi, M., Preuss, H. G. And Vinson, J. A. (2017). Molecular Mechanisms Of Cardioprotection By Proanthocyanidins From Grape Seeds And Skins. Molecular Nutrition And Food Research, 51(6): 655–661.
[4] Dar, R. A., Shahnawaz, M. And Qazi, P. H. (2015). General Overview Of Medicinal Plants: A Review. The Journal Of Phytopharmacology, 4(6): 387–396.
[5] Fraga, C. G., Litterio, M. C., Prince, P. D., Calabro, V., Piotrkowski, B. And Galleano, M. (2019). The Role Of Epicatechin In Cardiovascular Health. Journal Of Nutrition, 149(7): 1236–1244.

This study evaluated the proximate composition, amino acids profile, vitamins, minerals and antinutrients contents of Phyllanthus amarus ethanol leaf extract. The leaves were collected, processed and the extract was prepared for the analysis. The research was carefully conducted following the standard analytical procedures. Proximate compositions showed high content of carbohydrate (77.39±0.43 %), followed by moisture (9.52±0.11 %), crude protein (8.43±0.13 %), crude fibre (3.36±9.19 %) and low fat (0.79±0.02%) and ash (0.51±0.04 %). Amino acids components of the extract showed abundant glutamic acid (9.38±2.03 g/100g protein), moderate aspartic acid (7.83±1.07 g/100g) and leucine (7.09±0.78 g/100g) and fairly contents of arginine (5.04±0.30 g/100g) and alanine (4.82±0.75 g/100g) and others were in smaller quantities............

Keywords : Phyllanthus amarus, amino acids, Proximate, vitamins, minerals, antinutrients.

[1] Adeyemi, A. O., Smith, J., Johnson, A., Davis, B., Wilson, C., Thompson, E. And Peterson, G. (2011). Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Properties Of Phyllanthus Amarus Schum & Thonn. International Journal Of Current Research, 3(9): 138-142.
[2] Akiko, S. And Junichi, I. (2021). Amino Acid Metabolism And Autophagy In Skeletal Development And Homeostasis. Bone, 146: 115881. [3] Ali, M. A., Hafez, H. A. Kamel, M. A. Ghamry, H. I., Shukry, M. And Farag, M. A. (2022). Dietary Vitamin B Complex: Orchestration In Human Nutrition Throughout Life With Sex Differences. Nutrients, 14(19):3940.
[4] Anuforo, P. C., Ngozi, K. A., Egbuonu, A. C. C. And Egu, E. U. (2017). Proximate Analysis And Determination Of Some Selected Page 2 Of 4 Vitamins And Minerals Contents Of Terminalia Catappa Endocarp Flour. Journal Of Nutrition Health And Food Science, 5(5):1-4.
[5] Aoac (Association Of Official Analytical Chemists), (2006). Official Method Of Analysis Of The Aoac (W. Horwitz Editor) Eighteenth Edition. Washighton D.C, Aoac.

Nanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for surface modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Additionally, the materials used in the synthesis of NPs are primary determinants of their application. Based on the chosen material, NPs are generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. These categories include a variety of materials, such as proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids and derivatives, magnetic minerals, and so on. Each material possesses unique attributes that influence the activity and application of the NPs. Consequently...........

Keywords : Nanoparticles, Metal nanoparticles, Ant diabetic, Scanning electron microcopy, Emission electron Micrescopy, plant extract, alpha amylase Inhibitor

[1] Pratibha, Komal Rajoriya, Ashwini Singhal, Ramhari Meena, Anita Kumari Biogenic Synthesis And Characterisation Of Flueggea Leucopyrus Willd Leaf Mediated Copper Nanoparticles For Antibacterial, Antioxidant, And Antidiabetic Activitiesjournal Of Herbal Medicine Volume 44, March 2024, 100859
[2] Susanta Paul, Ishita Sarkar, Nilanjan Sarkar, Anannya Bose, Mainak Chakraborty, Amrita Chakraborty & Swarupananda Mukherjee "Bulletin Of The National Research Centre Volume 48, Article Number: 33 (2024) Silver Nanoparticles In Diabetes Mellitus: Therapeutic Potential And Mechanistic Insights" Bulletin Of The National Research Centre Volume 48, Article Number: 33 (2024)
[3] Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy , Selvaraj Jayaraman , Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy , Salim Manoharadas , Mohammad Alshuniaber , Biba Vikas , Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan "Green Synthesis And Evaluation Of Anti-Microbial, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, And Anti-Diabetic Activities Of Silver Nanoparticles From Argyreia Nervosa Leaf Extract: An Invitro Study " Journal Of King Saud University - Science 35 (2023) 102955
[4] Gauhar Rehman , Muhammad Umar , Nasrullah Shah , Muhammad Hamayun , Abid Ali , Waliullah Khan , Arif Khan , Sajjad Ahmad , Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei , Mikhlid H. Almutairi , Yong-Sun Moon And Sajid Al"Green Synthesis And Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta Indica Seeds Extract: In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of Anti-Diabetic Activity" Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(12), 1677; Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ph16121677
[5] Dina M. Khodeer ,Ali M. Nasr ,Shady A. Swidan ,Sarah Shabayek Roaa M. Khinkar Mohammed M. Aldurdunji Maryam A. Ramadan Jihan M. Badr "Characterization, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Phragmanthera Austroarabica A. G. Mill And J. A. Nyberg Extract Front. Microbiol., 05 January 2023sec. Microbiotechnologyvolume 13 - 2022

Recently, the global fish consumption increased significantly due to their exceptional health benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular diseases and supporting brain development in infants. However, in contaminated areas, fish have a high capacity to absorb heavy metals through their gills and accumulate these metals in their muscles, kidneys, gastrointestinal tracts, and livers at levels greater than those found in the surrounding environment. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in the tissues of five common fish species collected from the Jeddah Fish Central Market. The metals detected included arsenic, mercury, lead, copper, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lithium, boron, and barium...........

Keywords : Heavy Metals, Fish, Red Sea, contamination, plasma atomic emission.

[1] Adebayo, I. (2017). Determination Of Heavy Metals In Water, Fish And Sediment From Ureje Water Reservoir. Fish & Ocean Opj 4;1–5.
[2] Al -Jubouri, H.F.M. And Salman, S.A (2019). Different Analytical Methods For Estimating The Heavy Metals In Fish Products Available In The Iraqi Local Markets By Atomic Absorption Technique. Tikrit J Pure Sci 24:18–24.
[3] Al-Atoom, A.A., Farah, H., And El-Badrawy, E. (2016). Some Heavy Metals Levels In Tissues Of Some Fish Species Consumed In Taif Region.Wulfenia Journal, 23(5): 2-7.
[4] Al-Busaidi, M., Yesudhason, P., Al-Mughairi, S., Al-Rahbi, W.A.K., Al-Harthy, K.S., Al-Mazrooei, N.A., And Al-Habsi, S.H. (2011). Toxic Metals In Commercial Marine Fish In Oman With Reference To National And International Standards. Chemosphere, 85(1): 67-73.
[5] Al-Busaidi, M.,Yesudhason, P., Al-Mughairi, S. (2011) Toxic Metals In Commercial Marine Fish In Oman With Reference To Nationalandinternationalstandards. Chemosphere,85:67–73.

This observational study aimed to evaluate the effect of Dapagliflozin on hemoglobin levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both with and without comorbid cardiovascular or renal diseases. The study included 116 T2DM patients, 86 of whom had T2DM alone and 30 had T2DM with comorbidities, all treated with Dapagliflozin for at least six months. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at baseline and after treatment. Hemoglobin levels..........

Keywords : Dapagliflozin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hemoglobin, Cardiovascular Disease, Renal Impairment, SGLT2 Inhibitors

[1]. World Health Organization, Report of the first meeting of the WHO global diabetes compact forum: virtual meeting, 10-11 November 2021, World Health Organization, 2021, Available from: https://www.who.int
[2]. V. Perkovic, M.J. Jardine, B. Neal, S. Bompoint, H.J. Heerspink, D.M. Charytan, R. Edwards, R. Agarwal, G. Bakris, S. Bull, C.P. Cannon, Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, New England Journal of Medicine, 380(24), 2019, 2295-2306.
[3]. V. Vallon, State-of-the-Art-Review: Mechanisms of Action of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Clinical Implications, American Journal of Hypertension, 37(11), 2024, 841-852.
[4]. M. Kanbay, L. Tapoi, C. Ureche, C. Tanriover, E. Cevik, A. Demiray, B. Afsar, D.Z. Cherney, A. Covic, Effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, International Urology and Nephrology, 54(2), 2022, 1-5.
[5]. A.H. Aljohani, M.A. Alrubyyi, A.B. Alharbi, A.M. Alomair, A.A. Alomair, N.A. Aldossari, The relation between diabetes type II and anemia, The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 70(4), 2018, 526-531..

Background: Falls in older adults are a major health risk, with nearly 29% of individuals aged 65 and older falling annually. These incidents are often worsened by medications known as Fall Risk Increasing Drugs (FRIDs). However, there is a lack of systematic reviews on the prevalence of FRIDs and effective interventions for hospitalised older adults, highlighting the need for further research. Aims: The study aims to identify drug classes that increase fall risk among geriatric patients in a tertiary care hospital. It also seeks to assess patient demographics, categorise drugs contributing to fall risk, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate fall risk using the Morse Fall Scale..........

Keywords :fall risks, geriatric, fall risk-increasing drugs

[1] Strini V, Schiavolin R, Prendin A. Fall Risk Assessment Scales: A Systematic Literature Review. Nurs Rep. 2021;11(2):430-443. doi:10.3390/nursrep11020041.
[2] Ie K, Chou E, Boyce RD, Albert SM. Fall Risk-Increasing Drugs, Polypharmacy, and Falls Among Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Innov Aging. 2021;5(1). doi:10.1093/geroni/igab001.
[3] Najafpour Z, Godarzi Z, Arab M, Yaseri M. Risk factors for falls in hospital in-patients: A prospective nested case-control study. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019;8(5):300-306. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2019.11.
[4] Lee J, Negm A, Peters R, Wong EKC, Holbrook A. Deprescribing fall-risk increasing drugs (FRIDs) for the prevention of falls and fall-related complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):1-10. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035978.
[5] de Jong MR, Van Der Elst M, Hartholt KA. Drug-related falls in older patients: Implicated drugs, consequences, and possible prevention strategies. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2013;4(4):147-154. doi:10.1177/2042098613486829..

Recently, The dissolution testing procedure encompasses a strictly controlled setup in regard to instrumentation and test conditions. While deaeration is acknowledged as important for accurate and reproducible dissolution testing, the deaeration protocols themselves are not as extensively studied or standardized as other dissolution parameters. The pharmacopoeial standard remains the time-consuming, heating and vacuum filtering deaeration procedure, while it is stated that other ways of deaeration, if shown to be equivalent, can be used. Nevertheless, there is little guidance on what is considered an equivalent method of deaeration and acceptable level of deaeration. In this study,...........

Keywords : dissolution testing, deaeration protocol, time and labour efficient deaeration procedure, optimum level of deaeration, dissolved oxygen measurments

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[5]. United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP-NF). Chapter <1092>, The Dissolution Procedure: Development and Validation, www.usp.org accessed 11-Nov-2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31003/USPNF_M643_05_01..