March - 2013 (Volume-3 ~ Issue-3)

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Volatile Constituents, Antioxidant and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Thaumatococcus Danielli (Benn.) Benth. From Nigeria

Country

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South Africa

Authors

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Anthony B. Ojekale || Oladipupo A. Lawal || Adeola A. Segun || Folorunso O. Samuel || Azeez I. Ismaila || Andy R. Opoku

Page No.

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01-05

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-331015  

ANED :: DOI :05.3013/03310105

The volatile constituents from the leaf oil of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benn.) Benth. growing in Nigeria was studied by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-one constituents were characterized representing 95.8% of the total oil. The major components of the oil were octadecamethyl cyclononasiloxane (48.3%), phytol (12.9%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (9.3%). The antioxidant activity of the oil (10–50 mg/mL) was evaluated by measurement of 1,1-diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, metal chelating and nitric oxide radical methods. The essential oil showed no metal chelating activity, but, displayed significant antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 16.32 and 24.68 mg/mL, respectively, compared to synthetic antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol with (IC50 ≤ 17.96 mg/ mL). The insecticidal activity was assayed against Sitophilus zeamais and the result showed LC50 value of 345.2 mg/mL after 72 H.
Keywords: Thaumatococcus danielli, Marantaceae, essential oil, antioxidant, insecticidal,.

[1] Onwueme, I.C, Onochie B.E and Safowora E.A. (1979). Cultivation of T.daniellii-the sweetener, World Crops, p. 106.
[2] Arowosoge, O.G.E and Labode, (2006). Economic analysis of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benn.) benth. (Miraculous berry) in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment. 4(1): 264-269.
[3] Grillo J.A. and Lawal A. K. (2010). In vitro activity of Thaumatococcus daniellii and Megaphrynium macrostachyum against spoilage fungi of white bread and 'Eba', an indigenous staple food in Southern Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 4; 1076-1081
[4] Ojekale A. B., Makinde S. C. O and Osileye O. (2007). Phytochemistry and antimicrobial evaluation of Thaumatococcus danielli Benn. (Benth.) leaves. Nig. Food J. 25(2): 176-183.
[5] Amusa T. O. Jimoh S. O and Azeez I. O. (2012). Prevalence, Utilization and Conservation Strategies for Non-Timber Forest Products in South Western Zone of Nigeria. Resources and Environment. 2, 46-54
[6] Elemo, B.O., Adu, O.B. and Alabi, A.M. (2001). Isolation and partial purification of carbohydrate component of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth.) Nig. J. Biochem. and Molecular Biol., 16: 87-90.
[7] Elemo, B.O., Adu, O.B. and Ikiabekhe, M.A. (1999). Studies on the mineral composition of Thaumatococcus danielli waste. Nig. Food J., 17: 52-54.
[8] Elemo, B.O., Adu, O.B., Ogunrinola, O.O., Efuwape, T.O., Olaleye, K. O. and Kareem A.A. (2011). Biological Evaluation of Thaumatococcus danielli Waste Protein. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 10; 1048-1052.
[9] Raimi, O. G., Elemo, B. O., Fatai, A. A., Bankole, H. A., Kazeem, M. I and Banjoko, A. O. (2011). Isolation and partial characterization of a protease enzyme from Thaumatococcus daniellii waste. African Journal of Biotechnology; 10; 3186-3190.
[10] Stephen A. G, Powls R and Beynon R. J. (1994). Cysteine protease activity in arils of Thaumatococcus daniellii: Relationship between the sweet protein thaumatin and cysteine protease activity. International Journal of Biochemistry. 26, 879–884.
[11] Kadri A, Zarai Z, Békir A, Gharsallah N, Damak M and Gdoura R. (2011). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Marrubium vulgare L. essential oil from Tunisia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(19), 3908-3914
[12] Olowokudejo, J. D.; Kadiri, A. B.; and Travih, V. A. (2008) "An Ethnobotanical Survey of Herbal Markets and Medicinal Plants in Lagos State of Nigeria," Ethnobotanical Leaflets: Vol. 2008: Iss. 1, Article 116

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Some Nigerian Traditional Food Milling Techniques and Cookware Increase Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals in Lycopersicon Esculentum and Citrullus Lanatus

Country

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Nigeria

Authors

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Anthony,B.Ojekale || Chioma. G.Chukwu || Oladipupo.O.Lawal.|| Titilola.S.Osinaike

Page No.

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6-13

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-3310613  

ANED :: DOI :05.3013/033106013

The heavy metal contamination of Lycopersicon esculentum and Citrullus lanatus by different milling techniques and cookwares are reported in this study. Heavy metal analysis of iron, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and aluminium were carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer [AAS]. Results show that of all the milling processes used in this study; the locally fabricated milling machine added the highest concentration of Fe to food. This value of 11.625 mg/kg is below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for iron, but after cooking with the locally made iron pot, earthenware pot and stainless steel pot, the concentration of iron contamination in the sample increased from 11.625 mg/kg to 21.445 mg/kg, 18.375 mg/kg and 13.775 mg/kg respectively indicating that the locally made iron pot added a significant concentration of iron to foods cooked in it higher than the RDA, and posing a risk of iron over load to man. The values of Cu, Cd and Zn contamination in analyzed samples are within recommended dietary allowance. Lead was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Aluminium was observed only in samples cooked with locally fabricated iron pot. The values range from 0.4 mg/kg – 1.63 mg/kg, suggesting a risk of Al toxicity, as the upper range exceeds the WHO limit of 1mg/kg.
Keywords: Milling, cookware, heavy metals, Lycopersicon esculentum and Citrullus lanatus

[1] Bharathi, P., M. Govindaraju, A.P. Palanisamy,K. Sambamurti and K.S. Rao, 2008. Molecular toxicity of aluminum in relation to neuro degeneration. Indian J. Med. Res., 128(4): 545-556.
[2] Cabrera.C, F.Lloris,R. Gimenez, M. Olalla and C. Lopez, 2003. Mineral content in legume and nuts: Contribution to the spanish dietary intake. Sci. Total Environ, 308: 1-14.
[3] Dabonne .S, B.P.K. Koffi, E.J.P. Kouadio, A.G. Koffi, E.A. Due and L.P. Kouame,2010. Traditional Utensils: Potential Sources of Poisoning by Heavy Metals. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 1(2): 90-92.

[4] Elekofehinti O. O, Omotuyi I. O,Olaremu A. G and Abayomi T. G (2012).Heavy metals distribution and lipid profile in the stomach of cow grazed in Akungba-Akoko,Ondo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 6(11):146-149
[5] Jigam,A.A; Bukar E. N.Dauda; Jimoh T;Hauwa N. Yusuf and Umar Z.T, 2011.Determination of copper, zinc, lead and some biochemical parameters in fresh cow milk from different locations in Niger State, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science Vol. 5(3), pp. 156-160.
[6] Jimoh, W.L.O and Mahmud Imam Mohammed, 2012. Assessment of Cadmium and Lead in Soil and Tomatoes Grown in Irrigated Farmland of the Kaduna Metropolis Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(1): 55-59.
[7] Llobet JM, Falco G, Casas G, Teixido A and JL Domingo,2003.Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in common foods and estimated daily intake by children, adolescents, adults and seniors of Catalonia, Spain. Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem; 51: 838 – 842.
[8] Miu, A.C. and O. Beng, 2006. Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease: A new look. J. Alzheimers Disease., 10(2-3):179-201.
[9] Murkovic M, Hillebrand A, Winkler J, Leitner E, Pfannhauser W (1996).Variability of Fatty Acid Content in Pumpkin Seeds.(Cucurbita.PepoL.). Zeitschrift-fuer-LebensmittelUntersuchung–und-Forschun. 203(3): 216
[10] Official method of Analysis (AOAC) 2006.Association of official analytical chemists(AOAC)Washington, D.C. 23rd Edition
[11] Pennington JAT 2000. Total diet studies-experiences in the United States. J. Food Composit. Analysis. 13: 539-544
[12] Rajwanshi P; Singh V; Gupta M.K; Dass S, 1997.Leaching of aluminum from cookwares: A review. Environmental Geochemistry and health; 19 (1) 1-18

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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The Dental Role in Forensic Medicine

Country

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India

Authors

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Dr.Aruna Kanaparthy ||Dr.Rosaiah Kanaparthy

Page No.

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14-17

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-33101417  

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/033114017

...........................................

[1] Sylvie Louise Avon, DMD, MSc Forensic Odontology:The Roles and Responsibilities of the Dentist J Can Dent Assoc 2004; 70(7):453–8
[2] R.David .Senn, G.Paul .Stimson,Forensic Dentistry,Second Edition,5th chapter,D.Kimberley Molina forensic medicine and human identification p-61-63.
[3] A. Pretty, and D. Sweet, A look at forensic dentistry —Part 1: The role of teeth in the determination of human identity British Dental Journal, volume 190, NO. 7, APRIL 14 2001 359–366
[4] Pisha Pittayapat, Reinhilde Jacobs, Eddy De Valck, Dirk Vandermeulen, Guy Willems forensic odontology in the disaster victim identification process JFOS. July 2012, Vol.30, No.1 Pag 1-12
[5] 5.J. Augustine, S.R. Barpande, J.V. Tupkari, cheiloscopy as an adjunct to forensic identification: a study of 600 individuals J Forensic Odontostomatol 2008;27:2:44-52)
[6] A.Corte-Real, M.J.Anjos, D.N. Vieira, J.J. Gamero, The Tooth for Molecular Analysis and Identification :a Forensic Approach JFOS. July 2012, Vol.30, No.1 p 22-28
[7] BR Rothwell, Bite marks in forensic dentistry: a review of legal, scientific issues JADA 1995;126;223-232
[8] S.A.Shinde , M.K, Malve , Chauhan Prabha, and M.V, Garad , Nanotechnology and Forensic Science Nanotechnology and Nanoscience, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2010 PP-19-21
[9] 9.A.B,Fan Yang A. Reinhilde Jacobs Guy Willems Dental age estimation through volume matching of teeth imaged by cone-beam CT, Forensic Science International 159S (2006) S78–S83
[10] 10 .Guy Williams A review of the most commonly used dental age estimation techniques,J Forensic Odontostomatol 2001,19,9-17
[11] 11.P E M Dias,a* T L Beaini,a R F H Melani Age estimation from dental cementum incremental lines and periodontal disease J Forensic Odontostomatol 2010;28:1:13-21
[12] 12.G.G. Stott, R.F. Sis and B.M. Levy Cemental Annulation as an Age Criterion in Forensic Dentistry J DENT RES 1982 61 :814-817
[13] 13.L. Lima,a Y. da Costa,b R. Tinoco,a P. Rabello,b E. Daruge Junior.a Stature estimation by carrea's index and its reliability in different types of dental alignment J Forensic Odontostomatol 2011;29:1:7-13

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Health Information Availability and Utilization by Medical Practitioners for Chronic Disease Management in Central Hospitals, Warri-Delta State

Country

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Nigeria

Authors

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Rev. Dr Obiora Nwosu (PhD)-CLN || Dr. Esoswo Francisca Ogbomo (PhD) ||Dr E.S Anaehobi (PhD)

Page No.

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18-23

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-33101823  

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331018023

In developing countries like Nigeria, large proportions of the population have limited access to health information and health care facilities. Thus there is the fear that health professionals and patients may not be aware of the availability of health information in developing countries like Nigeria, large proportions of the population have limited access to health information and health care facilities. Thus there is the fear that health professionals and patients may not be aware of the availability of health information as well as their utilization with regards to the management of chronic diseases. The research design that was utilized for this study is the survey design type of descriptive research. The research instrument that was used to collect data for the study is questionnaire. The following findings were derived from this study: Majority of the health professionals affirmed that there is health information policy that they are expected to adhere to and also they agreed that they offered health information and education to all categories of patients, on the nature of health information. This notwithstanding, there are general lack of awareness on the need for health information to the public for the prevention and management of chronic diseases in Delta State, Nigeria.
Keywords:Chronic disease management; Medical Practitioners; Health Information availability and utilization; Hospitals.

[1] Dulle, F.W. & Minish-Majanja, M.K. & Cloete, L.M. (2010). Factors influencing the adoption of open access scholarly communication in Tanzania public universities. World Library and Information Congress: 76th IFLA General Conference and Assembly 10-15 August 2010, Gothenburg, Sweden. Retrieved September 1, 2010 from http:// www.ifla.org/en/ifla76
[2] Gohler, A. et al. (2006). A systematic meta-analysis of the efficacy and heterogeneity of disease
management programmes in congestive heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 12, 554-567
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[4] Health Grades Inc. (2011). Chronic illness: Types list. Retrieved October 30, 2011,
from http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/ chronic/subtypes.htm

[5] Jeffs, T (2004). Midland Regional Diabetes Strategy. Midland District Health. Retrieved October 30, 2011, From www.tdhb.org.nz/.../chronic_disease_management _requirements.pdf
[6] Jose, M. M., Santiago, J.C., Eugenio, V. and Alvar, G. N.A. (2005). Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men
with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet; 365, 1046-1053.
[7] Kapur, V., Strohl, K.P., Redline, S., Iber, C., O'Connor, G. and Nieto, J. (2002). "Under Diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome in U.S. Communities, "Sleep Breath, 6 (2), 49-54.
[8] Morrison, A. (2001). Effectiveness of printed patient educational materials in chronic illness: a systematic Review of controlled trials. Journal of Managed Pharmaceutical Care, 1, 51-62.
[9] Swider, S.M. (2001). Outcome effectiveness of community health workers: an integrative literature review. Public Health Nursing, 19, 11-20.
[10] WHO (2011). Working paper on data sources, methods, results for projections of morality and burden of disease for 2005, 2015, 2030. Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Seasonal Limnological Variation in Tale Pimpalgaon dam near Patoda Dist.Beed (M.S)India

Country

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India

Authors

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Pramod P Gaike || A.H.Kamble

Page No.

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24-25

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-33102425  

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331024025

Abstract: The Tale Pimpalgaon is situated near Patoda. The study of physico chemical parameters 14 parameters like temperature, pH,calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, Sulphate, dissolve oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate, has been studied in the period of Jan 2012 to Jan 2013.The study shows that seasonal variation in the physico-chemical parameters.

Key words: Physico–chemical parameters, Tale Pimalgaon Dam, Nitrate,Phosphate

 

[1] P.K.Goyal, 1996''Water Pollution Causes Effect and Control,'' New Age International Publication, New Delhi
[2] A. Kaushik and C. P. Kaushik Perspective in Environmental Studies, New Age International Publishers. Second Edition. P. 14, 15 (2006).
[3] S. D.Muduli. (Et.al), Poll. Res. 25(4): P. 763,766 (2006).
[4] V. P Kudesia,. Water Pollution Pragati Prakashan. Meerut (1985).
[5] APHA (American Public Health Association 17th Edition) (1989).
[6] D.B. Botkin, and Keller, Water Pollution and Treament, John Wiley and Sons, Inc New York-Chichester, E.A. Brisbane, Tronto Singapore,. In Environmental Science Earth as a living planet p.398, 420(1995).
[7] R.K Trivedy,. and P.K Goel, Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies. Environmental publication, Karad, India (1984).
[8] WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Vol.2. Health Criteria and other supporting information. Genava. Mecmillan/Eeuteric-8000 (1984).

 

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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The Etiological Spectrum of Obstructive Jaundice & Role of Ercp In Thi-Qar Governorate

Country

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Iraq

Authors

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Dr. Ali Nayyef Assi || Dr. Alaa Jamel Hassan || Dr. Kamal Naeem Ali

Page No.

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26-30

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033102630   

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/033102630

Abstract: Obstructive jaundice (o.j) is common surgical problem that occurs when there is an obstruction to the passage of conjugated bilirubin from liver cells to intestine & one of challenging conditions managed by general surgeons and contribute significantly to high morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out in Al-Hussein teaching hospital ,Al-Nissyiria city through 2 years period from December 2010 to November 2012 on 215 patients to assess the incidence of obstructive jaundice , its prevalence according to the causes, ,age, sex, places of patients, the curative rate of ercp management & its complication in our city,104 (48.3%) were males and 111(51.6%) were females, the age ranged from 23 to 80 years, 132 cases (61.3%) from Thiqar while 83 patients (38.6%) from other governorates. CBD stone or stones were the most common cause [163 patients (75.8%)] , 131 patients (80.3%) of them respond to ERCP treatment .

Key words: Obstructive jaundice ,ERCP

 

[1] davidson's prenciples and practice of medicine edited by Christopher Ha let liver disease page 689 at 1999.
[2] sabiston text book surgery sixteenth edition by john woods harris distinguished chairman department of surgery 2001 page 1080.
[3] Ahmad ,Jan Au,Ahmad R: Obstructive jaundice J.post grad med inst 2001, 15; 194_8.
[4] Bekele Z ,Yafru A ; Obstructive jaundice in adult Ethiopianians in referral hospital Ethiop Med J 2000 ,28:267-75 pub med obstruct.
[5] Khurram S. Qasim A, Shrin M, Aiza J, Aisha E Sarmad L, Asif ZM; Evaluation of aetiological spectrum of obstructive jaundiuce J. Ayub Med Coll Abott 2008 ,20 ; 62-66.pub med abstract.[6] Lawal D; Oluwole S ,Makan Joula D, Adekunle M. Diagnosis management and prognosis of obstructive jaundice in lle-life Nigeria.
[7] Baily and Love's short practice of surgery 25th edition Edited by Normans . Williams. 2008 gall bladder and bile ducts page 1127.
[8] Absi MA, Qais AM. Katta MA; Biliary Ascariasis ; the value of ultrasound in diagnosis and management in sudia Med 2007. 27; 161---163 pub Med Abstract published full text.
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[12] Piehler JM. Crichlow RW.Primary carcinoma of gall bladder surg. Gynicol . Obster.147; 929, 1978.

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Anxiolytics, Antidepressants and Autogenous training in the therapy of burning mouth syndrome

Country

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Croatia

Authors

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Josipa Sanja Gruden Pokupec || Lidija Gavić || Mladen Klemenčić ||Helena Matić

Page No.

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31-43

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033103143   

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/033103143

Abstract: It is well known that many diseases of our system can cause various pathological changes and symptoms. Psychical disorders are considered to be the main cause of changes in the oral cavity. The most frequent psychical disturbances associated with the symptoms are: depression, anxiety and stress.

Key words:anxiolytics, antidepressants, burning mouth symptoms and psychologycal tests

 

[1.] Feiman CH, Harris M, Cawlay R. Psychological facial pain. Presentation and treatment. Br Med J 1984; 288:436-438.
Hammeren M, Hudoson A.Clinic psychiatric assessment of patient with burning mouth syndrome resisting oral treatment. Swed Dent J 1989; 13:77-88.
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[5.] Nesbitt WR, Brody HA.Psychosomatic oral problems. Journal Med 1967;22:43-6.
[6.] Browing S, Hislop S, Scully C, Shirlaw P.The association between burning mouth syndrome and psychosocial disorders. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol 1987; 64:171-4.
[7.] Gruden-Pokupec JS, Arambašin-Cekić A, Gruden V.(2000) Psihološka testiranja kod sindroma pečenja usta. Coll Antrop 2000;1:119-126.
[8.] Lamey PJ, Lamb AB.Etiological factors in burning mouth syndrome. A prospective study. Br Med J 1988; 296:1243-6.
[9.] Van der Ploeg, Van der Wall N, Eijkman MAJ, Van der Wall I. Psychological aspect in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol 1987;63:664-8.
[10.] Schoenberg B, Carr Ac, Kutscer AH, Zegarelli EV.Chronic idiopathic orolingual pain. Psychogenetics of burning mouth. NY State J Med1971; 71:1832-7.
[11.] Basket RM, Strudee DW, Daverport JC.Patients with burning mouth. Clinical investigators of causative factors including of climacteric and diabetes. Br Dent J 1987; 145:9-16.
[12.] Rojo L, Silvestre FJ, Bagan JV, De Vicence T.Psychiatric mobility in burning mouth syndrome. Psychiatric interview versus depression and anxiety scales. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol 1993;75:308-11.

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil and Tamoxifen on Mastectomy Breast Cancer Women

Country

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Iraq

Authors

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Firas K. Qasim ||,Fikry A. Qadir || Karim J. Karim

Page No.

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44-51

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033104451   

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331044051

Abstract: The present study was designed to study the effects of pomegranate and tamoxifen on breast cancer tumor marker (CA 15-3), aromatase enzyme, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in mastectomy women. The results indicates that tumor marker level was increased significantly in women without treatment while the tumor marker was significantly decreased in both pomegranate-tamoxifen combination and tamoxifen group, in addition, the level of aromatase and cholesterol was significantly decreased in pomegranate-tamoxifen combination group when compared with other two remaining groups. LDH level was significantly decreased in both tamoxifen and pomegranate-tamoxifen combination groups when compared with untreated group. However, the level of TG remains unchanged in all groups.

Key words: Pomegranate, tamoxifen, breast cancer, aromatase

 

[1] EM John, JL Hopper, JC Beck, JA Knight, SL Neuhausen, RT Senie, A Ziogas, LL Andrulis, H Anton-Culver, N Boyd, SS Buys, MB Daly, FP O'Malley, RM Santella, MC Southey, VL Venne, DJ Venter, DW West, AS Whittemore, and D Seminara. The Breast Cancer Family Registry, an infrastructure for cooperative multinational, interdisciplinary and translational studies of the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 6, 2004, 375-389
[2] X Li, Z Meng, W Guo and J Li. Treatment for liver metastases from breast cancer, Results and prognostic factors. World J Gastroenterol 11(24), 2005,3782-3787
[3] GE Timm. Final Detailed Review Paper On Aromatase. Epa Contract Number 68-W-01-023 Work Assignments 2-7 and 5-5, TASK 2, 2005
[4] H Brauch, T E Mürdter, M Eichelbaum and M Schwab. Pharmacogenomics of Tamoxifen Therapy. Clinical Chemistry 55(10), 2009, 1770-1782
[5] B Fisher, J Dignam, and N Wolmark. Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 353(9169), 1999, 1993-2000
[6] B Fisher, JP Costantino, DL Wickerham. Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer, current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study. J Natl Cancer Inst 97(22), 2005,1652-62
[7] F Boccardo, A Rubagotti, D Aldrighetti. Switching to an aromatase inhibitor provides mortality benefit in early breast carcinoma, pooled analysis of 2 consecutive trials. Cancer 109(6), 2007, 1060-7
[8] L S Adams, Y Zhang, N P Seeram, D Heber and S Chen. Pomegranate Ellagitannin-Derived Compounds Exhibit Antiproliferative and Anti-aromatase Activity in Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 3(1), 2010, 108-113
[9] M Porika, N Malotu, U K Veldandi, Yadala and S Abbagani..Evaluation of Tumor Markers in Southern Indian Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 11, 2010,157-159
[10] V O Dezentjé, H Guchelaar, J WR Nortier. CJH van deVelde and H Gelderblom. Clinical Implications of CYP2D6 Genotyping in Tamoxifen Treatment for Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15, 2009, 15-21
[11] V G Premkumar, S Yuvaraj, K Vijayasarathy, S G D Gangadaran and P Sachdanandam. Effect of Coenzyme Q10, Riboflavin and Niacin on Serum CEA and CA 15-3 Levels in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Tamoxifen Therapy. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30(2), 2007, 367-370
[12] VC Jordan and M Morrow. Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, and the Prevention of Breast Cancer. Endocrine Rev 20(3), 1999, 253-278

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Evaluation of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts of Azadirachta Indica Seed Oil for Hypoglycaemic Properties and Effects on Some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Mice

Country

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Nigeria.

Authors

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Muhammad Hl.|| Kabiru Ay.|| Makun Ha.||adefolalu Fs.|| Fasiku Ov.|| Abdullah As

Page No.

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52-58

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033105258   

ANED :: DOI :05.3013/0331052058

Abstract: Azadirachta indica commonly called Indian Lilac or Margosa is a folkloric medicinal plant that has been exploited over time for the management of several diseases. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the seed oil were investigated for hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with 300 mg/kg bodyweight of alloxan monohydrate intraperitionealy and mice with blood glucose concentration > 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. Diabetic mice in two groups were orally administered 200 mg/kg bodyweight of ethanol and methanolic extracts respectively for seven days. The blood glucose decreased in descending order during the course of treatment in a time – dependent manner. Serum activities of alanine aminotranseferase (20-100 u/L), aspartate aminotransferase (18-61 u/L), and alkaline phosphatase (42-140 u/l) increased significantly (p  0.05) compared to values for the control. The Serum levels of total bilirubin (9-30 mmol/L) and conjugated bilirubin (6.5-12mmol/L) of the treated mice also increased significantly (p> 0.05) when compared with the normoglycaemic mice. Total protein decreased significantly for both extract-treated groups while urea and creatinine levels were unaffected. Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica seed oil extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponnins, steroids, terpenes and tannins. The result of this study shows that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of A. indica possess hypoglyceamic properties but may be hepatotoxic.

Key words: Azadirachta indica, Diabetes, Normoglycaemic, Hypoglycaemic, Hepatotoxic

 

[1] World Health Organization (WHO) (2008). Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Surveillance. Definition, Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Pp 620.
[2] Yadav M., Vikram N.K., and Sharma D (2010). Complimentary and comparative study on hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic activity of various extracts of Eugenia jambolana seed, Gymmema sylvestre and Trigomella foenum graecum seeds in rats. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 160: (8) 238-400.
[3] .Sudha P., Remya R., Smita Z., Shobha B., and Ameet R. K (2011). Evaluation of traditional Indian antidiabetic medicinal plants for human pancreatic amylase inhibitory effect in vivo. American journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Vol 3: 173-175.
[4] Chee F., Savkin A.V., Fernando T.L., and Nahavan S (2005).Insulin injection control for glucose regulation in diabetic patients. Biomedical Engineering 52: 1625-1631.
[5] Lenzen S (2008). The mechanisms of alloxan and streptozotocin induced diabetes. Diabetologia : 216-226
[6] Samuel K., Kwasi B., Michael A., and Jerome D (2011). Toxicological analysis and effect neem tree extracts in an organism. European Journal of Experimental Biology 1(2): 160-171.
[7] Subapriya R., and Nagini S (2005). Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Current medical and chemical anticancer agents. 5: 149-156.
[8] Alimat, M., Sharma, D., and Ansari, B (2012). Effect of lamda-cyhalothrin and neem gold in the gill liver and ovary of zebra fish. Journal of veterinary pathology. 20: 19-25.
[9] Sofowora A (2006). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 150.
[10] Cowell M.D (2008). Focus on Diagnosis: Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics Review. 29 289-292
[11] Wilcox, M., and Chamberlain J (2004). Azadirachta indica in traditional medicinal plant of malria. Bora ratton CRC Press PP 99-121.
[12] Schmutterer, H (2002). The neem tree: Source of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 1–6.

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Sensory Factors of Some Cassava Traditional Dishes: Foufou, Placali, Attiéké and Boiled

Country

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Abrod

Authors

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B.C. Ebah-Djedji || D.A Sahoré || B.N'Zué

Page No.

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59-65

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033105965   

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331059065

Abstract: Ivorian traditional dishes, Placali, Attiéké, Foufou and Boiled cassava were prepared from improved cassava varieties CM (52), I88/00158, IM84 and TMS4 (2) 1425 and control variety Bonoua 2 in "Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire". The sensory factors (color, smell, taste, degree of cooking) of these five cassava varieties are determined. And it appeared that the different cassava varieties studied were suitable for the preparation of these dishes

Key words: Attiéké, Boiled, Cassava, Foufou, Placali, Roots, Sensory factors, Traditional dishes

 

[1] FAO. Guide d'exportation pour les Plantes à Racines et Tubercules en Afrique de l'ouest et du centre. Centre Technique de Coopération Agricole et Rurale (CTA), Février 2010, 32

[2] N. G Amani.et A. Kamenan. Potentialités nutritionnelles et technologie traditionnelle de transformation Des Denrées Amylacées en Cote d'Ivoire. 2e Atelier International. Voies Alimentaires d'Amélioration des Situations Nutritionnelles en Afrique de l'Ouest : les rôles des technologies alimentaires et nutritionnistes. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2003

[3] D.A, Sahoré, G. J Nemlin. Effect of Technological Treatments on Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Composition, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 1 (1), 2010, 19-23

[4] FAO. Développement des systèmes agricoles: concepts, méthodes, application, Rome -Italy. 1989

[5] H. Ducroquet L'agriculture ivoirienne à la loupe (I). Le professionnel agricole (3), 2002, 10-12

[6] S. Trèche. Importance du manioc en alimentation humaine dans différentes régions du monde. In : Transformation Alimentaire du manioc, Aglor E, Brauman A, Griffon D, Trèche S (éditeurs), Orstom, Paris, 1995, 234-243

[7] N. A., Kouadio, K. Mosso. K. Kouakou, S. F Agbo. Etude Comparative des Méthodes Traditionnelles de la Préparation de l'Attiéké dans le sud de la Côte d'Ivoire. Cahiers de la recherche scientifique et technique. 108, 1991, 703-706.

[8] D.A, Sahoré, G. J Nemlin Changes in biochemical properties of fresh Attiéké during its storage, Food and Public Heath, 2(4), 2012, 99-103

[9] V Zouménou. Etudes physico-chimiques et nutritionnelles de quelques préparations alimentaires à base de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Thèse de Doctorat 3è cycle ès Sciences naturelles (Option: Biochimie- Nutrition) Université de Cocody Abidjan, 1994.

[10] N.G Amani, F, Aboua, K. Kouadio, A Kamenan. Influence of hydrothermal Treatments on the Physico- Chemical Properties of Cocoyam flour. Application to Processing of the "Futu" type instant flours Sciences des aliments. 17 (1), 1997, 35-44.

[11] K. Mosso, N. Kouadio, G. J. Nemlin. Transformation traditionnelle de la banane, du manioc, du Taro et de l'igname dans les régions du centre et du sud de la Côte d'Ivoire. Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles. 1996, 91-96 .

[12] F. Aboua. Simple Methods for Evaluating Attiéké Spoilage in Food Chemistry, Trop. Sci, 3(1), 1989, 313-317.

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Anyigba and Lokoja, Kogi State – Nigeria

Country

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Nigeria

Authors

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Musa, Sunday A. U.|| Prof. Banwat, Edmund B.|| Zhakom Ponfa || Rumji, Elisha M. || Yakubu, Rebecca K. || Rufai, Olalekan A

Page No.

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66-70

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033106670  

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331066070

Abstract:Human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) has cosmopolitan distribution and can be transmitted parenterally by transfusion of infected blood or blood products. HPV-B19 screening of blood and blood products for transfusion is not done routinely in Nigeria. Concerns on the safety of blood transfusion in Kogi State, Nigeria informed this research...

 

[1] Brooks, G. F., Carroll, K. C., Butel, J. S. and Morse, S. A. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology (Parvoviruses), 24th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-128735-7, ISBN-10: 0-07-128735-3: 768
[2] Cennimo, D. J. (2010). Parvovirus B19 Infection. Medscape Reference Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved on 19-06-2011. Updated on 19-03-2010.
[3] Cossart, Y. E., Field, A. M., Cant, B. and Widdows, D. (1975). Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Lancet i: 72-73.
[4] Emiasegen, S. E., Nimzing, L., Adoga, M. P., Ohagenyi, A. Y. and Lekan R. (2011). Parvovirus B19 antibodies and correlates of infection in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in central Nigeria. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106 (2): 227-231.
[5] Heegaard, E. D., Petersen, B. L., Heilmann, C. J. and Hornsleth A., (2002). Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 and Parvovirus V9 DNA and Antibodies in Paired Bone Marrow and Serum Samples from Healthy Individuals. Journal of Clinical Microbiol, 40(3): 933–936. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc. Retrieved on 12-09-2011.
[6] Jordan, J. (2001). Diagnosing Human parvovirus B19 Infection: Guidelines for Test Selection. In: Human Parvovirus B19 Literature Review, 2nd Edition. Published by Biotrin International Ltd, The Rise, Mout Merrion, Co. Dublin, 3-4
[7] Kaur, P. and Basu, S. (2005). Transfusion-transmitted infections: Existing and emerging pathogens; Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 51(2): 146-151.
[8] Kishore, J. and Kapoor, A. (2000). Erythrovirus B19 infection in humans. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 112: 149-164.
[9] Wildig, J., Cossart, Y., Peshu, N., Gicheru, N., Tuju, J., Williams, T. N. and Newton, C. R. (2010). Parvovirus B19 infection and severe anaemia in Kenyan children: a retrospective case control study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010. Available at http://creativecommons.org. Retrieved on 27-07-2010.
[10] Yoto, Y., Kudoh, T., Haseyama, K., Suzuki, N., Oda, T., Katoh, T. and Chiba, S. (2008). Incidence of Human Parvovirus B19 DNA Detection in Blood Donors. British Journal of Haematology, 91(4): 1017-1018. Available at www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

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Pharmacoepidemiological Study of Psychotropic Medication Use in Children with Developmental Disorders

Country

::

Abrod

Authors

::

Diana Gómez-Galicia || Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso || Miguel Sánchez-Alemán || Gabriela López-Aymes || Valadez-Sierra Dolores || Alfonso Castro || Jorge Reyes-Esparza

Page No.

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71-80

Paper Index

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DOI : 10.9790/3013-033107180  

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331071080

Abstract:Mental and behavioural disorders are common in childhood and adolescence, but less than one-fifth of these children receive the necessary treatments. Psychotropic medications are recommended for the treatment of a variety childhood and adolescent mental disorders, and the use of such medications has recently increased in many countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of prescription psychotropic medication among children with developmental disorders and predictors for said use. A cross-sectional paediatric study based on a questionnaire that was answered by the children's parents and corroborated by clinical records was used. Type and frequency of psychotropic use, reasons for use, and the determining factors were the main measure. In total, 64% of children were receiving psychotropic medication; 40% of the drugs were prescribed in an off-label way, and 73% were meant to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The stimulant methylphenidate was the most commonly prescribed drug among both the diagnosed and un-diagnosed children (89.6% and 60%, respectively), followed by the non-stimulant atomoxetine. Age (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 12.3), diagnosis (OR 8.1, 95% CI 2.1 to 30.7) and the father being the head of the household (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 29.0) were determinants of psychotropic medication use. The most common psychotropic medication prescribed to children in developmental disorder care centres is the stimulant methylphenidate. These drugs are frequently prescribed in an off-label way to children despite a lack of evidence regarding medication efficacy and safety.

Keywords: Developmental disorders, children, psychotropic medication.

 

[1] Brooks, G. F., Carroll, K. C., Butel, J. S. and Morse, S. A. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology (Parvoviruses), 24th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-128735-7, ISBN-10: 0-07-128735-3: 768
[2] Cennimo, D. J. (2010). Parvovirus B19 Infection. Medscape Reference Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved on 19-06-2011. Updated on 19-03-2010.
[3] Cossart, Y. E., Field, A. M., Cant, B. and Widdows, D. (1975). Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Lancet i: 72-73.
[4] Emiasegen, S. E., Nimzing, L., Adoga, M. P., Ohagenyi, A. Y. and Lekan R. (2011). Parvovirus B19 antibodies and correlates of infection in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in central Nigeria. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106 (2): 227-231.
[5] Heegaard, E. D., Petersen, B. L., Heilmann, C. J. and Hornsleth A., (2002). Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 and Parvovirus V9 DNA and Antibodies in Paired Bone Marrow and Serum Samples from Healthy Individuals. Journal of Clinical Microbiol, 40(3): 933–936. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc. Retrieved on 12-09-2011.
[6] Jordan, J. (2001). Diagnosing Human parvovirus B19 Infection: Guidelines for Test Selection. In: Human Parvovirus B19 Literature Review, 2nd Edition. Published by Biotrin International Ltd, The Rise, Mout Merrion, Co. Dublin, 3-4
[7] Kaur, P. and Basu, S. (2005). Transfusion-transmitted infections: Existing and emerging pathogens; Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 51(2): 146-151.
[8] Kishore, J. and Kapoor, A. (2000). Erythrovirus B19 infection in humans. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 112: 149-164.
[9] Wildig, J., Cossart, Y., Peshu, N., Gicheru, N., Tuju, J., Williams, T. N. and Newton, C. R. (2010). Parvovirus B19 infection and severe anaemia in Kenyan children: a retrospective case control study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010. Available at http://creativecommons.org. Retrieved on 27-07-2010.
[10] Yoto, Y., Kudoh, T., Haseyama, K., Suzuki, N., Oda, T., Katoh, T. and Chiba, S. (2008). Incidence of Human Parvovirus B19 DNA Detection in Blood Donors. British Journal of Haematology, 91(4): 1017-1018. Available at www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal

 

Paper Type

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Research Paper

Title

::

DPP 4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors: beyond glycemic control

Country

::

Abrod

Authors

::

Sunil kumar gothwal || Surendra khosya

Page No.

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81-85

Paper Index

::

DOI : 10.9790/3013-033108185  

ANED :: DOI : 05.3013/0331081085

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin release from β-cell of pancreas and insulin resistance. Different classes of hypoglycemic drugs are available with different mechanism of action with nearly equipotent efficacy. GLP-1(glucagon like peptide-1) analogue and DPP 4 inhibitors are new developed molecules for the management of diabetes. They act via glucose dependent insulin release from β-cells as physiological manner. Here in this review we will discuss about the adventitous systemic effects of incretins and DPP 4 inhibitors beyond glycemic control.

Keywords: DPP 4 inhibitors; GLP 1 analogues; incretins

 

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